Isotropic and anisotropic kriging approaches for interpolating surface-level wind speeds across large, geographically diverse regions

Friedland, Carol J.; Joyner, T. Andrew; Massarra, Carol; Rohli, Robert V.; Treviño, Anna M.; Ghosh, Shubharoop; Huyck, Charles

doi:10.1080/19475705.2016.1185749

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Not having investigated the directionality of the experimental variograms of many flowsets, at this stage we do not know how widespread is anisotropy in the correlative properties of glacial flow fields and whether some flowsets demand more sophisticated treatmentsee Friedland et al (2017) for an application of anisotropic kriging to wind-speed data. Not having investigated the directionality of the experimental variograms of many flowsets, at this stage we do not know how widespread is anisotropy in the correlative properties of glacial flow fields and whether some flowsets demand more sophisticated treatmentsee Friedland et al (2017) for an application of anisotropic kriging to wind-speed data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this connection, our kriging scheme assumes the same autocorrelative properties (the same model variogram) for observations lying in different directions around each position where an estimate is sought. Not having investigated the directionality of the experimental variograms of many flowsets, at this stage we do not know how widespread is anisotropy in the correlative properties of glacial flow fields and whether some flowsets demand more sophisticated treatmentsee Friedland et al (2017) for an application of anisotropic kriging to wind-speed data. Also, interpolation methods such as Inverse Distance Weighting has not been explored here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing ice‐flow fields from streamlined subglacial bedforms: A kriging approach

Hughes

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The orientation of several landforms, e.g. drumlins, flutes, crag‐and‐tails, and mega‐scale glacial lineations, records the direction of the overlying ice flow that created them. Populations of such features are used routinely to infer former ice‐flow patterns, which serve as the building blocks of reconstructions of palaeo ice‐sheet evolution. Currently, the conceptualisation of flow patterns from these flow‐direction records is done manually and qualitatively, so the extractable glaciological information is limited. We describe a kriging method (with Matlab code implementation) that calculates continuous fields of ice‐flow direction, convergence, and curvature from the flow‐direction records, and which yields quantitative results with uncertainty estimates. We test the method by application to the subglacial bedforms of the Tweed Valley Basin, UK. The results quantify the convergent flow pattern of the Tweed Palaeo‐Ice Stream in detail and pinpoint its former lateral shear margins and where ice flowed around basal bumps. Ice‐flow parameters retrieved by this method can enrich ice‐sheet reconstructions and investigations of subglacial till processes and bedform genesis. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing ice‐flow fields from streamlined subglacial bedforms: A kriging approach

Hughes

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Third, because the distribution of the AAF FW station network is irregular throughout the study area, there may be anisotropy in the spatial covariance of the observations. For future study, we therefore suggest evaluating the use of angular distance weighting (Hofstra & New, ) or anistropic kriging (Friedland et al, ) to deal with any anisotropy. Last, we evaluated a specific configuration of the CaPA System (version 4.0), which did not yet integrate satellite‐based precipitation analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Gridded Precipitation Data and Interpolation Methods for Forest Fire Danger Rating in Alberta, Canada

et al. 2019

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The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System is the primary measurement of wildfire danger in Canada. Interpolating daily precipitation, one of the inputs for the Fire Weather Index System is a key challenge in areas without sufficient weather stations. This work evaluates the performance of gridded precipitation from the Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) System and six interpolation methods to achieve the best fire danger rating in Alberta, Canada. Results show that the CaPA System has only average performance due to limited radar coverage (10%) in the forested region; however, using the CaPA System as a covariate with regression kriging generates significantly better precipitation estimates. Ordinary kriging, regression kriging with elevation as a covariate, and the thin‐plate smoothed spline are methods with similar performance. Fuel moisture codes of the Fire Weather Index System respond differently to precipitation amounts due to differences in their time constants for drying. Fine fuels with a short drying time (Fine Fuel Moisture Code) are best estimated by the CaPA System because of its enhanced skill in estimating small precipitation events. Compacted organic fuels with longer drying times (Duff Moisture Code and Drought Code) are best estimated by regression kriging with CaPA because it better predicts significant precipitation events. The dense fire weather station network in our study area (~3.0 stations/10,000 km2) allows us to perform a sensitivity analysis, and we find that a threshold of >0.5 stations/10,000 km2 is needed for regression kriging with CaPA to become appreciably better than the CaPA System.

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“…It varied between 53 and 311 m/ha. Wind speed and precipitation were acquired from the state meteorology service in the form of daily field readings and were rasterized utilizing the inverse distance weighted technique (IDW) (Friedland et al 2017), which was the distance-related influence of an input point across the interpolated surface and treated as continuous data. The wind speed varied between 1.8 and 21.3 m s −1 on March 14, 2013.…”

Section: Environmental Variable Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental factors and forest management on landscape-scale forest storm damage in Turkey

Torun

Altunel

2020

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message Windstorms have recently caused noteworthy destruction across the Northern forests of Turkey. The intensive forest management practices applied for more than 60+ years may unknowingly have resulted in windsensitive forests in the region. After a storm, the forest service salvages the losses, but no further precaution is taken against future storms. To our knowledge, there has not been any research looking into the cumulative effects of environmental factors on storm damage in Turkish forests. Maxent, which is an ecological niche model, might help decisionmakers in developing forest management strategies against storms given its ease of use, known successful performance, and flexible variable evaluation approach. This study revealed that management preferences were mainly responsible for forest storm damage in Kastamonu Province, Turkey. & Context Excessive wind cause serious damages to individual trees and forest stands. When unintentionally coupled with the forest management preferences, catastrophic levels of damage might be unavoidable. & Aims The main objective was to assess the environmental factors contributing to the impact of a strong windstorm that occurred between March 14 and 15, 2013 and resulted in 1.5-million m 3 timber losses in the Kastamonu Regional Directorate of Forestry. & Methods Maximum entropy modeling (Maxent) and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to evaluate the factors contributing to the forest damage. & Results Stand type, diameter class, and elevation were the most important variables affecting the level of wind damage. The pure and mixed coniferous stands were the hardest hit when compared with the deciduous stands. The damage increased as the density of forest roads grew. & Conclusion It was concluded that windstorms pose serious threats to Turkish forests. Storm damage risks must therefore be integrated into forest management. In order to better understand the environmental factors contributing to the destructive effects of windstorms in forests, it would be best to focus on the telltale signs pointing the wrong-doing in forest management preferences at larger environmental scale rather than looking for reasons behind the occurrences of scattered small-scale damage.

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Isotropic and anisotropic kriging approaches for interpolating surface-level wind speeds across large, geographically diverse regions

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Reconstructing ice‐flow fields from streamlined subglacial bedforms: A kriging approach

Reconstructing ice‐flow fields from streamlined subglacial bedforms: A kriging approach

Evaluation of Gridded Precipitation Data and Interpolation Methods for Forest Fire Danger Rating in Alberta, Canada

Effects of environmental factors and forest management on landscape-scale forest storm damage in Turkey

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