Isotype‐Specific T Cell Regulation of Immunoglobulin Expression

Rosenberg, Yvonne J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1982.tb01054.x

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The range and approximate percentage of each subclass produced in response to T. denticola are consistent with a previously published report for the 10 10 -spi dose (17). A significantly higher percentage of IgG1 was induced by isolates 1A and 4A compared to 3A and 5B, indicating the presence of soluble proteins with antigenic properties and a T-dependent response dominating for these isolates (29,32) in this model. These data differ from those of Trott et al, in which the bovine antibodies reactive to the isolates retained reactivity with protease-treated sonicates (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Lesion Formation and Antibody Response Induced by Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis-Associated Spirochetes in a Murine Abscess Model

2007

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Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD), also known as hairy heel wart, is a growing cause of lameness of cows in the U.S. dairy industry. Farms with PDD-afflicted cows experience economic loss due to treatment costs, decreased milk production, lower reproductive efficiency, and premature culling. While the exact cause of PDD is unknown, lesion development is associated with the presence of anaerobic spirochetes. This study was undertaken to investigate the virulence and antigenic relatedness of four previously isolated Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes (1A, 3A, 4A, and 5B) by using a mouse abscess model with subcutaneous inoculation of 10 9 , 10 10 , and 10 11 spirochetes. Each of the PDD isolates induced abscess formation, with strain 3A causing cutaneous ulceration. Lesion development and antibody responses were dose dependent and differed significantly from those seen with the nonpathogenic human T. phagedenis strain. Strains 3A, 4A, and 5B showed two-way cross-reactivity with each other and a one-way cross-reaction with T. phagedenis. Strain 5B showed one-way cross-reactivity with 1A. None of the isolates showed cross-reactivity with T. denticola. In addition, distinct differences in immunoglobulin G subclass elicitation occurred between the PDD strains and T. phagedenis. From these data, we conclude that spirochetes isolated from PDD lesions have differential virulence and antigenic traits in vivo. Continuing investigation of these properties is important for the elucidation of virulence mechanisms and antigenic targets for vaccine development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Lesion Formation and Antibody Response Induced by Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis-Associated Spirochetes in a Murine Abscess Model

2007

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“…In mice the immune response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens is preferential for the IgG 3 isotype (Perlmutter et al, 1978; Slack et al, 1980), IgG 2a is dominant in response to viral antigens (Coutelier et al, 1987) and IgG 1 is most commonly elicited in response to protein antigens (Rosenberg, 1982). It is notable that IgG 3 had the most distinct solution structure among all isotypes with the Fab–Fc angle of 106 ± 7°, creating the largest bend with highest asymmetry among the IgG isotypes and thus different Fc domain solvent exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global structures of IgG isotypes expressing identical variable regions

Eryilmaz

Janda

Kim

et al. 2013

Molecular Immunology

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Until relatively recently the immunoglobulin molecule was viewed as composed of two independent domains comprised of the variable (V) and constant (C) regions. However, recent work has established that the C region mediates allosteric changes in the V region that can influence specificity and affinity. To further explore cross-domain interrelationship in murine IgG structure we carried out solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements for four V region identical IgG isotypes. SAXS analysis revealed elongated Y-shaped structures in solution with significantly different, isotype-dependent domain orientations. To further explore local C region effects on the V region, the IgG3 Fab crystal structure from the same family was determined to 2.45 Å resolution. The IgG3 Fab crystal structure differs from a closely related previously solved IgG1 Fab revealing significant structural differences, which may account for isotype-related specificity differences in V region identical Abs. Among the four murine isotypes, IgG3 was the most different in solution with regards to overall structure as well as aggregate formation in solution suggesting that the greater apparent affinity of this isotype resulted from polyvalent complexes with enhanced avidity. Our results provide additional evidence that Ig V and C domains influence each other structurally and suggest that V region structure can have significant effects on overall Ig structure.

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“…[11][12][13] Moreover, development of an effective B-cell response is reliant on helper CD4 ϩ T-cell responses that promote antigenspecific B-cell differentiation and antibody class switching. 14 Class switching by B cells from their constitutive expression and production of IgM to other antibody classes (ie, IgG and IgA) is essential to develop an effective immune response, because each type of immunoglobulin has specific functions and sites of activity. 10 IgA may be of particular importance during HIV infection, because IgA plays a significant protective role at mucosal surfaces, 10 and given the common mucosal routes of HIV exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIV infection of rhesus macaques results in dysfunctional T- and B-cell responses to neo and recall Leishmania major vaccination

Klatt¹,

Vinton²,

Lynch

et al. 2011

Blood

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HIV infection is characterized by immune system dysregulation, including depletion of CD4 ؉ T cells, immune activation, and abnormal B-and T-cell responses. However, the immunologic mechanisms underlying lymphocytic dysfunctionality and whether it is restricted to immune responses against neo antigens, recall antigens, or both is unclear. Here, we immunized SIV-infected and uninfected rhesus macaques to induce immune responses against neo and recall antigens using a Leishmania major polyprotein (MML) vaccine given with poly-ICLC adjuvant. We found that vaccinated SIVuninfected animals induced high frequencies of polyfunctional MML-specific CD4 ؉ T cells. However, in SIV-infected animals, CD4 ؉ T-cell functionality decreased after both neo (P ‫؍‬ .0025) and recall (P ‫؍‬ . IntroductionHIV infection is characterized by progressive loss of CD4 ϩ T cells, eventually resulting in opportunistic infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and, in untreated individuals, death. During acute HIV infection, CD4 ϩ T cells are massively infected and rapidly depleted from effector sites, particularly in mucosal tissues, and as infection progresses to chronic disease, there is a progressive, slow loss of peripheral CD4 ϩ T cells. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Furthermore, HIV specifically infects activated memory CD4 ϩ T cells, and previous studies have demonstrated that the virus preferentially infects CD4 ϩ T cells where the corresponding antigen is often present at high levels, such as HIV-specific and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cells. 4,8 Hence, the immunodeficiency and dysfunctional immune responses that occur after HIV infection are of particular concern with respect to their role in providing immunity against opportunistic infections. The effectiveness of common vaccines in inducing healthy immune responses among chronically HIV-infected individuals against subsequent infection is decreased. 9 Indeed, the majority of currently effective vaccination approaches induce protective immunity against pathogens by induction of long-term antibody responses specific for the vaccinated antigen. 10 These antibodies are produced mainly by 2 subsets of B cells, plasma cells that reside primarily in the bone marrow and long-lived memory B cells. [11][12][13] Moreover, development of an effective B-cell response is reliant on helper CD4 ϩ T-cell responses that promote antigenspecific B-cell differentiation and antibody class switching. 14 Class switching by B cells from their constitutive expression and production of IgM to other antibody classes (ie, IgG and IgA) is essential to develop an effective immune response, because each type of immunoglobulin has specific functions and sites of activity. 10 IgA may be of particular importance during HIV infection, because IgA plays a significant protective role at mucosal surfaces, 10 and given the common mucosal routes of HIV exposure. 15 Thus, the overall loss of IgA that is observed during HIV infection 16,17 may play a role in driving virus replication at mucosal sites as we...

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Isotype‐Specific T Cell Regulation of Immunoglobulin Expression

Cited by 44 publications

References 90 publications

Lesion Formation and Antibody Response Induced by Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis-Associated Spirochetes in a Murine Abscess Model

Lesion Formation and Antibody Response Induced by Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis-Associated Spirochetes in a Murine Abscess Model

Global structures of IgG isotypes expressing identical variable regions

SIV infection of rhesus macaques results in dysfunctional T- and B-cell responses to neo and recall Leishmania major vaccination

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