Isozyme and isoform analysis of bovine creatine kinase by agarose membrane electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in zoo-managed Asian elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>)

“…CK is a primarily cytoplasmic enzyme; leakage from injured or inflamed tissues leads to increased CK activity in the blood. Therefore, circulating CK activity is a diagnostic biomarker of tissue damage [ 15 , 20 ]. Typical CK isoenzymes include CK-BB (cranial nerve type), CK-MB (hybrid, cardiac muscle type), and CK-MM (skeletal muscle type) [ 4 , 15 , 20 ].…”

“…Therefore, circulating CK activity is a diagnostic biomarker of tissue damage [ 15 , 20 ]. Typical CK isoenzymes include CK-BB (cranial nerve type), CK-MB (hybrid, cardiac muscle type), and CK-MM (skeletal muscle type) [ 4 , 15 , 20 ]. In addition, two macroenzymes, macro-CK type 1 (mCK1) and macro-CK type 2 (mCK2), have been reported in serum and plasma specimens at higher molecular masses than other enzymes [ 4 , 15 , 20 ].…”

“…Typical CK isoenzymes include CK-BB (cranial nerve type), CK-MB (hybrid, cardiac muscle type), and CK-MM (skeletal muscle type) [ 4 , 15 , 20 ]. In addition, two macroenzymes, macro-CK type 1 (mCK1) and macro-CK type 2 (mCK2), have been reported in serum and plasma specimens at higher molecular masses than other enzymes [ 4 , 15 , 20 ]. Analysis of the CK isoenzyme fractions in animals and humans can be used for an auxiliary diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle [ 1 , 15 , 20 ].…”

“…In addition, two macroenzymes, macro-CK type 1 (mCK1) and macro-CK type 2 (mCK2), have been reported in serum and plasma specimens at higher molecular masses than other enzymes [ 4 , 15 , 20 ]. Analysis of the CK isoenzyme fractions in animals and humans can be used for an auxiliary diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle [ 1 , 15 , 20 ]. LDH is an enzyme with five tetrameric isozymes (LDH1–5) comprised of the M (muscle) and H (heart) subunits.…”

“…CK-MM is the major electrophoretic fraction in healthy cats, while mCK1 and mCK2 are detected in varying proportions [ 15 ]. In cattle, AGE revealed an abundant trimodal fraction of CK-MM, along with varying proportions of CK-BB, mCK1, and an unknown fraction [ 20 ]. Another study that performed cellulose acetate electrophoretic analysis of serum CK isoenzymes in racehorses revealed that the bimodal fraction of CK-MM was predominant, followed by small proportions of CK-BB, CK-MB, and an unknown fraction [ 4 ].…”