Isozyme characterization of sexual and asexual Phytophthora infestans populations

Tooley, Paul W.; Fry, William E.; González, Miguel

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110139

Cited by 146 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The two banded GPI isozyme pattern that we Wnd in P. ramorum (this study) is comparable with GPI proWles observed in several other Phytophthora species (Tooley et al 1985;Oudemans and CoVey 1991a;Goodwin et al 1995;Ospina-Giraldo and Jones 2003). Gpi genes have been cloned from a number of Phytophthora species and strains, and in some P. infestans strains, multiple alleles were identiWed (Ospina-Giraldo and Jones 2003) and cloned (M.D.…”

Section: One Pgd Gene Model Explains One Pgd Locussupporting

confidence: 83%

Correlation of isozyme profiles with genomic sequences of Phytophthora ramorum and its P. sojae orthologues

Veld

Govers²,

Meijer³

2007

Curr Genet

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A correct interpretation of isozyme patterns can be seriously hampered by the lack of supporting genetic data. The availability of the complete genome sequence of Phytophthora ramorum, enabled us to correlate isozyme proWles with the gene models predicted for these enzymes. Thirty-nine P. ramorum strains were characterised employing isozyme analysis on malate dehydrogenase (MDH), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (MDHP), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) comprising nine putative loci. One isozyme band was enzymatically stained for PGD whereas multiple bands were detected for GPI, MDH, MDHP and LDH. All putative loci were monomorphic except for Ldh-2. Genome mining revealed that the assembled genome sequences of P. ramorum and P. sojae each contain one Gpi and one Pgd gene model. For MDH, two gene models were identiWed, encoding a cytosolic and mitochondrial type, respectively. Also for MDHP P. ramorum has two gene models that are both duplicated in P. sojae. Both species contain six Ldh gene models, including pseudogenes. The Ldh gene models are clustered and located in regions that show a high level of conserved synteny. This study demonstrates that insight into the gene models encoding isozymes helps to interpret isozyme proWles in Phytophthora.

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Section: One Pgd Gene Model Explains One Pgd Locussupporting

confidence: 83%

Correlation of isozyme profiles with genomic sequences of Phytophthora ramorum and its P. sojae orthologues

Veld

Govers²,

Meijer³

2007

Curr Genet

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“…A centre of origin has been unequivocally demonstrated for only a few Phytophthora species (Tooley, Fry & Villareal Gonzalez 1985, Zentmyer 1988). The origin of many presumed exotic species of Phytophthora is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Ivors

Hayden

Bonants³

et al. 2004

Mycological Research

142

127

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The genetic structure within and between USA and European populations of the emerging phytopathogen Phytophthora ramorum was examined. Four primer combinations were used for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting of 67 USA isolates from California and Oregon, and 18 European isolates from Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK. In addition, three DNA regions (ITS, cox II, and nad 5) of additional Phytophthora species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analysed to provide better phylogenetic understanding of P. ramorum within the genus Phytophthora. AFLP banding patterns indicate that the 85 isolates form two distinct lineages within a monophyletic group, distinct from the closely related outgroup species P. lateralis. With the exception of two isolates from an Oregon nursery, European and USA isolates clustered separately within individual clades. The AFLP profiles also indicate that a single clonal lineage dominates the North American population, while the European population consists of an array of mainly unique, closely related AFLP types. Sequences from the three DNA regions were identical among all P. ramorum isolates, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that P. ramorum is closely related to P. lateralis and P. hibernalis.

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“…Genotypic markers routinely used to characterize P. infestans isolates include the allozyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [Gpi] and peptidase [Pep] loci profiles (Tooley et al 1985;Spielman et al 1991;Goodwin et al 1998), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype Ia, Ib, IIa and IIb markers (Carter et al 1990;Griffith and Shaw 1998), and genomic DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with moderately repetitive nuclear DNA sequence RG57 (Goodwin et al 1992) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Late Blight Population Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States

et al. 2014

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Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most historically significant and economically destructive disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). In addition to potato, P. infestans can also infect tomato and some other members of the Solanaceae, and this has contributed to the recent late blight epidemic in Canada and the United States. Propagation of P. infestans in Canada and the United States has been mainly through asexual reproduction and this has led to the development of several dominant clonal lineages. Various P. infestans markers have been developed that are invaluable in monitoring the evolution and movement of these P. infestans genotypes. Population diversity and disease incidence has increased through the development of systemic fungicide insensitivity and the transcontinental shipment of the pathogen on late blight infected potato tubers and tomato plantlets. Introduction of the P. infestans A2 mating type to several regions of Canada and the United States has also increased the opportunity for sexual reproduction and recombination, potentially contributing to greater P. infestans genetic diversity and pathogenicity. Advances in P. infestans molecular analysis have revealed a complex pathogen with a genome capable of evolving relatively quickly. Management of late blight will therefore require new, multifaceted strategies which include monitoring pathogen evolution and implementing sustainable production practices.Resumen El tizón tardío, causado por Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, es la enfermedad históricamente más significativa y económicamente destructiva de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). Además de la papa, P. infestans también puede infectar tomate y a otros miembros de la familia Solanaceae, y esto ha contribuido a la reciente epidemia de tizón tardío en Canadá y los Estados Unidos. La propagación de P.infestans en estos dos países ha sido principalmente mediante reproducción asexual, lo que ha conducido al desarrollo de varias líneas clonales dominantes. Se han desarrollado varios marcadores para P. infestans que son invaluables en el seguimiento de la evolución y movimiento de estos genotipos de P. infestans. La diversidad de la población y la incidencia de la enfermedad han aumentado por vía del desarrollo de la insensibilidad a fungicidas sistémicos y del envío transcontinental del patógeno en tubérculos de papa infectados con tizón tardío y en plántulas de tomate. La introducción del tipo de compatibilidad A2 de P. infestans a varias regiones de Canadá y Estados Unidos también ha incrementado la oportunidad de reproducción sexual y recombinación, contribuyendo, potencialmente, a una mayor diversidad genética y patogenicidad de P. infestans. Avances en los análisis moleculares de P. infestans han revelado a un patógeno complejo con un genomio capaz de evolucionar relativamente rápido. El manejo del tizón tardío, entonces, requerirá de nuevas estrategias multifacéticas que incluyan monitoreo de la evolución del patógeno y la implementación de prá...

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Isozyme characterization of sexual and asexual Phytophthora infestans populations

Cited by 146 publications

References 12 publications

Correlation of isozyme profiles with genomic sequences of Phytophthora ramorum and its P. sojae orthologues

Correlation of isozyme profiles with genomic sequences of Phytophthora ramorum and its P. sojae orthologues

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States

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