Israeli Preschool Children Under Scuds: A 30-Month Follow-up

Laor, Nathaniel; Wolmer, Leo; Mayes, Linda C.; Gershon, Avner; Weizman, Ronit; Cohen, Donald J.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199703000-00013

Cited by 231 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The impact of a traumatic event (that a child is experiencing) on the parent may be far greater than the impact of a child's general anxiety symptoms, therefore skewing the parental perception in the case of traumatized children (but less so in children with anxiety disorders in general). Because the parents' symptoms mediate the child's response to the traumatic event 29,30 and may even lead to permanent biological alterations in the offspring, 13,14 it seems that it would be useful to assess parents' posttraumatic symptoms along with the child's for diagnostic as well as therapeutic reasons. Traumatic experiences are frequently "shared" by parent and child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Parent and Child Reports of Emotional Trauma Symptoms in Pediatric Outpatient Settings

Shemesh

Newcorn²,

Rockmore³

et al. 2005

Pediatrics

109

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ABSTRACT.Objective. Exposure to emotionally traumatic events is common among children who are treated in pediatric medical care settings, and it is important to recognize the emotional reactions that children might develop as a response to the trauma. Practitioners sometimes rely on parental reports of the child's emotional reactions, but these reports may be biased by the parent's own posttraumatic symptoms. Understanding the differences between parent and child reports of the child's emotional symptoms is essential to guide proper diagnosis and care. This study evaluated discrepancies in parental versus child reports of the child's emotional trauma symptoms in pediatric medical care settings.Methods. We enrolled children and adolescents (age: 8 -19) who had not previously received a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder and were treated in pediatric specialty care clinics at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. We used the UCLA posttraumatic stress reaction index, child, adolescent, and parent versions, to evaluate child and parent reports of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the child. The Impact of Event Scale was used to evaluate the parents' own posttraumatic symptoms. We conducted a "best estimate" psychiatric diagnostic procedure to determine whether the child met diagnostic criteria for PTSD and evaluated the association between the diagnostic status (as determined by the "best estimate" procedure) and the results of the questionnaires.Results. A total of 115 patients and parents consented to the study, and 76 completed the evaluation. Sixty-four percent of the parents identified the child's traumatic experience as their own most traumatic experience, too. The child's self-report of PTSD symptoms was significantly correlated with the diagnosis of PTSD in the child. In contrast, parents' reports of their child's PTSD symptoms were not significantly associated with the child's diagnosis. Parents' own posttraumatic symptoms were associated with parental reports of the child's overall PTSD symptoms (correlation coefficient: 0.283).Conclusions. When a child is emotionally traumatized, the parent's own posttraumatic stress may influence his or her report and interpretation of the child's symptoms. Clinicians who evaluate children and adolescents for PTSD in medical care settings should directly seek the child's report and should not rely exclusively on parental reports. Parental reports of a child's PTSD symptoms can offer insights into the parent's own level of posttraumatic stress. Pediatrics 2005;115:e582-e589. URL: www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Parent and Child Reports of Emotional Trauma Symptoms in Pediatric Outpatient Settings

Shemesh

Newcorn²,

Rockmore³

et al. 2005

Pediatrics

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While the critical importance of parental mental and physical health (Miller, 1996;Osofsky, 1995;Laor et al, 1997) and parenting (e.g., Banyard, Rozelle, & Englund, 2001;Levendosky et al, 2003;MacFarlane, 1987;Appleyard & Osofsky, 2003;Punamaki, Qouta, & Sarraj, 1997) in influencing children's responses to trauma has been established, qualitative findings on children's functioning are presented here separately from parental responses. We believe these descriptions vividly represent the types of behaviors clinicians, educators, childcare professionals, medical staff, and other helping professionals encounter when working with very young children in a postdisaster context.…”

Section: Context Of the Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less is known about young children's responses to community trauma, as noted by other researchers (Wang et al, 2006), particularly outside of the domain of natural disasters (Lonigan, Shannon, Taylor, Finch, & Sallee, 1994;Swenson, Saylor, Powell, Stokes, Foster, & Belter, 1996) or war and terrorism abroad (Laor, Wolmer, & Cohen, 2001;Laor et al, 1997;Laor et al, 1996). How young children responded to the intentional, brutal killing of almost 3,000 people in this terrorist attack warrants careful examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While much of what we know about the responses of these youngest children is derived from clinical observations and case studies (Gurwitch, Stitterle, Young, & Pfefferbaum, 2002;Sugar, 1993;Terr, 1991), the few empirical studies of this age group underscore the potentially negative and cross-cutting impact of disasters on young children (Green et al, 1991;La Greca, Silverman, Vernberg, & Prinstein, 1996;Laor et al, 2001;Laor et al, 1997;Laor et al, 1996). Specific to September 11th, only a few studies have focused on non-bereaved-children's reactions to the events and aftermath.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Young children's responses to September 11th: The New York City experience

Klein

DeVoe

Miranda-Julian

et al. 2009

Infant Mental Health Journal

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Although the knowledge base regarding very young children's responses to trauma has been expanding, descriptions of their responses to terrorism remain sparse. Yet, their vulnerability makes this an important group to study. Recent events in the United States (9/11, Hurricane Katrina) make this question highly relevant. This study aims to provide extensive descriptions of how children 5 years or younger on September 11th who were living in close proximity to Ground Zero responded that day and in the following months. Sixty-seven New York City parents (with 104 children) participated in focus groups between November 2001 and May 2002. Focus groups also provided a foundation for an in-depth study examining young children's adaptation following 9/11 and changes in parenting behaviors after the disaster. Findings on children's behavioral and emotional reactions on 9/11 and in the 8 months after as well as their need to return to normalcy are reported. Consistent with current understanding of trauma symptoms in young children, parents reported behaviors including chronic sleep disruptions, fearful reactions, development of new fears, and increased clinginess and separation anxiety following the disaster. On the actual day, children's responses were described as ranging from calm and cooperative to difficult and panicky. Implications for working with parents and young children affected by terrorism or community-level trauma and directions for future research are discussed.RESUMEN: Aunque se ha expandido el conocimiento básico acerca de las respuestas de los niños muy pequeños al trauma, las descripciones de sus respuestas al terrorismo son escasas. Y a pesar de todo, su vulnerabilidad hace deéste un importante grupo para el estudio. Eventos recientes en los Estados Unidos (el 11 de septiembre, el huracán Katrina) hacen que esta pregunta resulte altamente relevante. Este estudio This research was funded by a Barnard College Faculty Grant and by the National Institute of Mental Health RO1 MH66462-01. The authors acknowledge and thank the families and preschools involved in this study for their time, willingness to participate, and openness during a particularly difficult time following the events of 9/11. Direct correspondence to: Tovah P. Klein, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027; e-mail: tklein@barnard.edu se propone proveer descripciones extensas de cómo los niños de 5 años o menores el 11 de septiembre de 2001, que vivían en las proximidades delárea conocida hoy como "Ground Zero," respondieron ese día y en los meses siguientes. Sesenta y siete progenitores de la ciudad de Nueva York (con 104 niños) participaron en grupos de enfoque entre noviembre de 2001 y mayo de 2002. Los grupos de enfoque también proveyeron una base para un estudio profundo que examinara la adaptación de los menores después del 11 de septiembre y los cambios en la conducta de crianza después del desastre. Se reportan los resultados de las reacciones de conducta y emocionales de los niños, tanto el 11 de septiembre como...

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“…In addition to the children's play activity programme, FRC was running a women's empowerment programme which worked specifically with widows and women whose husbands were missing. Research by Laor et al (1997) showed an association between the adjustment of children over five years of age with mothers' levels of symptoms, thereby suggesting that mothers or primary caregivers can act as buffers to stressful events. At FRC we were cognisant of this research but were aware that we were working in a different context and with a different population and could not generalize from this research.…”

Section: Psychological Effects Of Living In Situations Of Civil Conflmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Evolution of a Multi-level Community-based Children's Play Activity Programme Run by the Family Rehabilitation Centre (FRC) Throughout Sri Lanka

Tribe¹

2004

Journal of Refugee Studies

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Israeli Preschool Children Under Scuds: A 30-Month Follow-up

Cited by 231 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison of Parent and Child Reports of Emotional Trauma Symptoms in Pediatric Outpatient Settings

Comparison of Parent and Child Reports of Emotional Trauma Symptoms in Pediatric Outpatient Settings

Young children's responses to September 11th: The New York City experience

A Critical Review of the Evolution of a Multi-level Community-based Children's Play Activity Programme Run by the Family Rehabilitation Centre (FRC) Throughout Sri Lanka

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