ISS Emergency Egress – A System for Crewmember Pathway Indication

Smart, Kieran; Bowen, Charles M.; Carr, Daniel W.; Novak, Jennifer Blume

doi:10.4271/2001-01-2184

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…In emergencies, crewmembers must plan to leave ISS in different directions, since each of the Soyuz vehicles can only accommodate three people in custom fit couches, and visiting Shuttle crews must leave through a different hatch. Small relocatable luminescent signs (Smart, et al, 2001) point the way to the various docked vehicles, but in conditions of reduced visibility, crew must remain oriented and be able to find their way. Since the ground mockups are not all connected in the actual flight configuration, egress routes and landmarks cannot be fully rehearsed.…”

Section: D Navigation Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Orientation and Navigation in Microgravity

Oman

Spatial Processing in Navigation, Imagery and Perception

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This chapter summarizes the spatial disorientation problems and navigation difficulties described by astronauts and cosmonauts, and relates them to research findings on orientation and navigation in humans and animals. Spacecraft crew are uniquely free to float in any relative orientation with respect to the cabin, and experience no vestibular and haptic cues that directly indicate the direction of "down". They frequently traverse areas with inconsistently aligned visual vertical cues. As a result, most experience "Visual Reorientation Illusions" (VRIs) where the spacecraft floors, walls and ceiling surfaces exchange subjective identities. The illusion apparently results from a sudden reorientation of the observer's allocentric reference frame. Normally this frame realigns to local interior surfaces, but in some cases it can jump to the Earth beyond, as with "Inversion Illusions" and EVA height vertigo. These perceptual illusions make it difficult for crew to maintain a veridical perception of orientation and place within the spacecraft, make them more reliant upon landmark and route strategies for 3D navigation, and can trigger space motion sickness. This chapter distinguishes VRIs and Inversion Illusions, based on firsthand descriptions from Vostok, Apollo, Skylab, Mir, Shuttle and International Space Station crew. Theories on human "gravireceptor" and "idiotropic" biases, visual "frame" and "polarity" cues, top-down processing effects on object orientation perception, mental rotation and "direction vertigo" are discussed and related to animal experiments on limbic head direction and place cell responses. It is argued that the exchange in perceived surface identity characteristic of human VRIs is caused by a reorientation of the unseen allocentric navigation plane used by CNS mechanisms coding place and direction, as evidenced in the animal models. Human VRI susceptibility continues even on long flights, perhaps because our orientation and navigation mechanisms evolved to principally support 2D navigation. 2 Chapter Error! No text of specified style in document.

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Section: D Navigation Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Orientation and Navigation in Microgravity

Oman

Spatial Processing in Navigation, Imagery and Perception

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Aerospace Medicine

Bacal¹,

Lemery²

2007

Wilderness Medicine

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Human Factors and the International Space Station

Peacock

Rajulu

Novak

2001

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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The purposes of this panel are to inform the human factors community regarding the challenges of designing the International Space Station (ISS) and to stimulate the broader human factors community into participating in the various basic and applied research opportunities associated with the ISS. This panel describes the variety of techniques used to plan and evaluate human factors for living and working in space. The panel members have contributed to many different aspects of the ISS design and operations. Architecture, equipment, and human physical performance requirements for various tasks have all been tailored to the requirements of operating in microgravity.

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ISS Emergency Egress – A System for Crewmember Pathway Indication

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Spatial Orientation and Navigation in Microgravity

Spatial Orientation and Navigation in Microgravity

Aerospace Medicine

Human Factors and the International Space Station

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