ISS Node 3 TCS Analysis and Design

Valenzano, G.; Lombardi, Silvia; Loddoni, Giovanni; Martino, Renato

doi:10.4271/1999-01-2003

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This temperature profile depends on the commanded flow rate and cabin heat load. Table 1 presents the operating characteristics of each of the ISS internal thermal loops and spacecraft cabin ( The Boeing Company, 2001 ; Valenzano et al, 2003 ; Anderson et al, 2018 ). Mass production of microalgae in raceway ponds may sustain diel temperature cycles from +10 to +45°C ( Ras et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), located on the west coast of McMurdo Sound, is the largest polar desert in Antarctica and exceptional planetary (Martian) analog (Doran et al, 2010). The MDV is home to ephemeral, glacial-fed streams where (The Boeing Company, 2001;Valenzano et al, 2003;Anderson et al, 2018 diverse types of perennial algal mats are common. These extremophilic microalgae grow as dense mats consisting of mixtures of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae (including taxa of Prasiola, Chlorella, and Chlamydomonas) (Kohler et al, 2016;Van Horn et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supporting Simultaneous Air Revitalization and Thermal Control in a Crewed Habitat With Temperate Chlorella vulgaris and Eurythermic Antarctic Chlorophyta

2021

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Including a multifunctional, bioregenerative algal photobioreactor for simultaneous air revitalization and thermal control may aid in carbon loop closure for long-duration surface habitats. However, using water-based algal media as a cabin heat sink may expose the contained culture to a dynamic, low temperature environment. Including psychrotolerant microalgae, native to these temperature regimes, in the photobioreactor may contribute to system stability. This paper assesses the impact of a cycled temperature environment, reflective of spacecraft thermal loops, to the oxygen provision capability of temperate Chlorella vulgaris and eurythermic Antarctic Chlorophyta. The tested 28-min temperature cycles reflected the internal thermal control loops of the International Space Station (C. vulgaris, 9–27°C; Chlorophyta-Ant, 4–14°C) and included a constant temperature control (10°C). Both sample types of the cycled temperature condition concluded with increased oxygen production rates (C. vulgaris; initial: 0.013 mgO2 L–1, final: 3.15 mgO2 L–1 and Chlorophyta-Ant; initial: 0.653 mgO2 L–1, final: 1.03 mgO2 L–1) and culture growth, suggesting environmental acclimation. Antarctic sample conditions exhibited increases or sustainment of oxygen production rates normalized by biomass dry weight, while both C. vulgaris sample conditions decreased oxygen production per biomass. However, even with the temperature-induced reduction, cycled temperature C. vulgaris had a significantly higher normalized oxygen production rate than Antarctic Chlorophyta. Chlorophyll fluorometry measurements showed that the cycled temperature conditions did not overly stress both sample types (FV/FM: 0.6–0.75), but the Antarctic Chlorophyta sample had significantly higher fluorometry readings than its C. vulgaris counterpart (F = 6.26, P < 0.05). The steady state C. vulgaris condition had significantly lower fluorometry readings than all other conditions (FV/FM: 0.34), suggesting a stressed culture. This study compares the results to similar experiments conducted in steady state or diurnally cycled temperature conditions. Recommendations for surface system implementation are based off the presented results. The preliminary findings imply that both C. vulgaris and Antarctic Chlorophyta can withstand the dynamic temperature environment reflective of a thermal control loop and these data can be used for future design models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%