Issues and Challenges of Steady-State Fault Calculation Methods in Power Systems With a High Penetration of Non-Synchronous Generation

Aljarrah, Rafat; Marzooqhi, H.; Terzija, Vladimir; Yu, James

doi:10.1109/ptc.2019.8810970

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The current injection i a,m is defined in a set of constraints H (see (9)) that corresponds to the equivalent model of each element. Non-power electronics elements usually operate in the same state without being saturated.…”

Section: Steady-state Modeling Of Power Systems With Power Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IEC 60909 standard established that power converters can be modeled as circuit sources for short-circuit calculation [8]. However, it has not been clearly defined how to obtain the current angle of the current source considering the converter states in specific applications [9]. Also, the possibility to have multiple equilibrium points corresponding to various converters saturation states is not considered in the IEC 60909 standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Solution of Equilibrium Points of Power Systems With Penetration of Power Electronics Considering Converter Limitation

et al. 2021

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Increasing penetration of power electronics is changing the understanding of modern power systems. In particular, current saturation of converters leads to multiple equilibrium points for both normal and short-circuit conditions. This paper aims to identify equilibrium points in power systems with penetration of power electronics. First, a steady-state model of power systems considering the power electronics operation is presented. Then, a general methodology is developed to obtain equilibrium points including all possible combinations of converter current saturation states. A system of equations is defined for each combination and is solved considering the possibility to have single or multiple solutions. This methodology is suitable for steady-state analysis in normal operation and during short-circuit scenarios. Test systems with Voltage Source Converters are used to validate the presented methodology.

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Section: Steady-state Modeling Of Power Systems With Power Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Solution of Equilibrium Points of Power Systems With Penetration of Power Electronics Considering Converter Limitation

et al. 2021

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“…The Complete Method adopted reproduces more accurately the short-circuit conditions of a given power system than standard methods, intended for dimensioning the short-time withstand capability of the power system elements. This method, which is described in more detail in [14,15], uses superposition, which is a more realistic approach to the actual short-circuit condition simulated than standard approaches. In this case, the fault currents related to the short-circuit condition are obtained by overlaying a healthy load-flow condition before the short-circuit fault inception with the short-circuit condition.…”

Section: Short-circuit Sensitivity Analysis According To the Main Facmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Methodology to Calculate the Directional Characteristic Settings of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Transmission and Distribution Networks

Serna

López-Lezama

2019

Energies

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When addressing the problem of calculating the settings for directional overcurrent elements, the focus is usually the determination of the pickup, time dial and operating characteristic, in order to ensure proper selectivity with adjacent protection elements, thus limiting the problem related to the settings calculation of the direction determination characteristic to the application of typical settings and general guidelines, which cannot provide a reliable measure of the suitability of such settings. The present article describes in detail an alternative methodology for determining these settings, based on a characterization of the power system where the directional protection is to be applied, through the performance of a detailed short-circuit sensitivity analysis. From this, an optimization problem is formulated and solved to obtain the main settings shaping the direction determination characteristic, and then, a series of variables are used to measure the performance of the obtained settings, and even to improve it. The obtained results show the advantages of the application of the proposed methodology over the traditional methodology, based on typical settings and general guidelines, pointing out the risks of using the later.

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“…In particular, integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) mainly utilizing fully-rated converters (FRCs) 1 , has already changed the system fault level in some power systems. Moreover, fault level calculation/estimation has become more challenging due to the increased penetration of FRCs-based generation [7]. The contribution of RES utilizing FRC (from here it is referred as PE-based generators) to the system fault level is dependent on the converter interfaces size, the controllers and the fault ride through requirements stated by the grid code [8][9][10][11][12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that these sources contribute to a limited fault current according to the maximum overrating capability during the fault. An alternative but more accurate method for fault calculation is the complete method [7]. This method is based on the superposition to account for the operation conditions prior the fault to provide more accurate estimates for the fault current.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of fault level in future grid scenarios with high penetration of power electronics‐based renewable generation

Aljarrah

Marzooghi

et al. 2020

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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This paper proposes a novel method for quantifying fault level in future grid scenarios with various penetrations of power electronics‐connected renewable energy sources. As it is known, the information regarding the fault level is critically important for designing protection schemes, different control loops, understanding voltage profile in the grid, etc. This method is focused on the steady‐state fault level calculation and it can be used to analyse future grid scenarios including uniform and non‐uniform penetration of power electronics‐based generation displacing all, or just specific conventional synchronous generation in the grid. Due to different possibilities for type, size, and location of power electronics‐based RES generation in future grid, it is required to analyse the unprecedented scale of scenarios. The proposed method for FLC enables us to assess the system fault level for large numbers of FG scenarios without a need for detailed system modelling and/or time‐domain simulations. The simulation results demonstrated the suitability of our proposed FLC method for various penetration levels of PE‐based RESs in the 2‐area and the IEEE 39‐bus test systems. The obtained results are compared with time‐domain simulations and the IEC 60909 standards performed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, where the efficacy of the proposed methodology is demonstrated.

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Issues and Challenges of Steady-State Fault Calculation Methods in Power Systems With a High Penetration of Non-Synchronous Generation

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

On the Solution of Equilibrium Points of Power Systems With Penetration of Power Electronics Considering Converter Limitation

On the Solution of Equilibrium Points of Power Systems With Penetration of Power Electronics Considering Converter Limitation

Alternative Methodology to Calculate the Directional Characteristic Settings of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Transmission and Distribution Networks

Monitoring of fault level in future grid scenarios with high penetration of power electronics‐based renewable generation

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