Issues and Impacts of the Apricot Value Chain on the Upland Farmers in the Himalayan Range of Pakistan

Kousar, Rakhshanda; Makhdum, Muhammad Sohail Amjad; Abbas, Azhar; Nasir, Javaria; Naseer, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman

doi:10.3390/su11164482

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Pakistan is 7 th and 10 th largest producer of dates and apricot respectively but the export of these fruits is very limited. Almost 40-45% of produce is wasted due to lack of proper supply chain and value addition (Abul-Soad et al, 2015;Kousar et al, 2019). Apricot and dates are very cheap in Pakistan and available as raw material for many food products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and characterization of protein-energy bars prepared by using dates, apricots, cheese and whey protein isolate

et al. 2021

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Six protein energy-bars (B1-B6) were prepared for Pakistani-athletes using dates, dried apricots, Cheddar-cheese and whey-protein isolate. Bars B1-B3 contained 5 g Cheddar-cheese and 13 g whey-protein isolate while quantity of dates were 74, 68 and 65 g and apricots 8, 14 and 17 g respectively. Bars B4-B6 contained 8g Cheddar-cheese and 12 g whey protein isolate while dates and apricots were same as in bars B1-B3. Bars were sealed in aluminium foil, stored at 20 ± 5 °C for 45 days to evaluate their sensory, compositional, physicochemical, microbial, textural and antioxidant properties. All bars have good sensory attributes except B6 that showed (p < 0.05) lower acceptability. The pH, water activity and microbial count decreased (p < 0.05) in all the bars. Maximum hardness was noticed in bar B1 and lowest in B6 while highest firmness was recorded in B2 and lowest in B6. The increase (p < 0.05) of total phenolic content was noticed in B6 and the highest increase of total flavonoid content was estimated in B2 at day 45, while B5 showed the highest antioxidant-activity on the 30 th day afterwards a decline was observed in all the bars. Study revealed that these bars have good sensory attributes, physical characteristics and shelf-stability and could be a healthy snack for athletes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and characterization of protein-energy bars prepared by using dates, apricots, cheese and whey protein isolate

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, access to finance is incredibly low in the rural areas of Pakistan and 6% of poor rural smallholders are banked [12]. Particularly in Pakistan, this lack of bank loan penetration is due to geographically dispersed areas [13], lack of information, knowledge, and guarantee or collateral [14,15]. This is because access to financial services is a risk for small-scale organic farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of structural equation modelling to develop a conceptual model for smallholder’s credit access: The mediation of agility and innovativeness in organic food value chain finance

et al. 2020

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Developing a conceptual model is vital for small-scale organic farmer's credit access to sustain the livelihoods. However, smallholders continually face severe problems in getting finance that lead to reduce investment and in turn, challenges the livelihoods. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish and empirically test a theoretical model to explore how agility and innovativeness in organic food value chain finance are achieved through ITI, TRST, CG, ICT, and IS, and how these, in turn, can accelerate financial flow in the value chain and enhance competitiveness. The present study used a survey method and collected data from small-scale farmers, traders, and financial institutions. The model and hypothesis are tested using data obtained from 331 respondents through partial least square structure equation modeling techniques. We argue that development of theoretical model show potential to increase creditworthiness of smallholders and overcome uncertainties that impede traditional value chain credit arrangement. Thus, the present study could provide new ways to integrate the value chain partners, through information and communication technology and governance arrangements in the organic food value chain financing. This study demonstrates that the mediations of innovativeness and agility significantly affect the development of new financial products to make agile the financial flow, which in turn positively influences value chain competitiveness. Significant judgments are required for trustworthy relations among the value chain partners to positively harness innovative product development for swifter value chain finance. Therefore, this theoretical model should not be regarded as a quick solution, but a process of testing, error, and learning by doing so.

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“…PSM could reduce the bias when comparing the outcomes of farmers participating in contract farming and the nonparticipating group with practically identical features. It is the provisional likelihood of assigning a treatment, given pretreatment specifics [32], designated in this fashion:…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Participation in Contract Farming on Smallholder Farmers’ Income and Food Security in Rural Benin: PSM and LATE Parameter Combined

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Kokoye

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Investigated in this work is the impact of contract farming participation on smallholder farmers’ income and food security in rice crop production in Northern Benin using 400 randomly selected rice farmer households. Unlike previous studies, we corrected for both observed and unobserved biases by combining propensity score matching (PSM) and the local average treatment effect parameter (LATE). The results showed significant negative consequences of partaking in rice contract farming. We found evidence of significant negative effects on rice production income at a 1% level. The more the rice farmers join in contract farming, the lower the farm income became. Decreased food consumption was also a result of contract farming participation for potential participants by a score of 60.64, placing their households at the food security status level of poor food consumption because the quantity and nutritional quality of the food consumed were inadequate. Contract farming is, therefore, not a reasonable policy instrument that can help farmers increase their income and improve their food security level in the Alibori Department, Benin if farmers do not diversify their crops. The necessary resources and economic environment are not yet in place to allow contract farming to take full advantage of its potential benefits. To prevent the wasting of scarce public resources, expanding contract farming would not be appropriate in marginal areas with markets and other infrastructure. Additional measures are needed for contract farming to be profitable for contracting actors and to ensure sustainability and the large-scale participation of farmers.

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Issues and Impacts of the Apricot Value Chain on the Upland Farmers in the Himalayan Range of Pakistan

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Formulation and characterization of protein-energy bars prepared by using dates, apricots, cheese and whey protein isolate

Formulation and characterization of protein-energy bars prepared by using dates, apricots, cheese and whey protein isolate

Application of structural equation modelling to develop a conceptual model for smallholder’s credit access: The mediation of agility and innovativeness in organic food value chain finance

Impact of Participation in Contract Farming on Smallholder Farmers’ Income and Food Security in Rural Benin: PSM and LATE Parameter Combined

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