Issues Concerning Manufacture and Recycling of Lead

Bača, Petr; Vanýsek, Petr

doi:10.3390/en16114468

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…sending them into a stamping machine to form lead sleeves, this process is shown in figure 1. In the process of melting and drawing lead bars, due to uneven external temperature and cooling effect, it is easy to cause bubbles, cracks, peeling, twisting and other phenomena in the lead bars [5]. This will not only directly lead to the idling or damage of the stamping equipment, but also cause problems such as uneven filling and inconsistent strength inside the bullet, thereby affecting the flight trajectory and stability of the bullet [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLCNet: faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network for lead bar surface defect detection

Lv,

Xia,

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aiming at the defect inspection under the characteristics of scale change, high reflection, inclined deformation of defects of lead bars and meeting the needs for faster detection, this paper proposes a faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network (FLCNet). In this study, we focus on the redundancy of channel information, and design a new partial channel group convolution, based on which we design a Faster C3 module and a lightweight cross-scale feature fusion module. In addition, we design a cross-scale slim neck to reduce the redundant feature transfer of the model. Finally, we propose a uniform brightness acquisition method for lead bar sidewall image by using combined light source and construct a lead bar dataset with various complex defect samples. Experiments show that FLCNet effectively improves the detection accuracy of the surface defects of lead bars, the mAP@0.5 value reaches 97.1%, and compared with YOLOv5s, the model’s parameters reduced by 33.9%. At the same time, the detection speed reaches 114.9 FPS, which is faster than other advanced detection models.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLCNet: faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network for lead bar surface defect detection

Lv,

Xia,

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, it is considered one of the five heavy metals that are commonly found in water, along with Hg, As, Cr, and Cd [ 60 , 61 ]. Lead is still utilized in the creation of paint, and car batteries as well as in recovering lead metal electrodes [ 62 , 63 ]. Therefore, the rate of paint deterioration and recycling of automotive batteries leads to increasing the amount of lead in both soil and water in particular places.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its environmental sensor ability to some heavy metals

Ibrahim,

Taha,

Hagaggi

et al. 2024

BMC Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study marks a pioneering effort in utilizing Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr., (commonly known as acacia raddiana) leaves as both a reducing and stabilizing agent in the green “eco-friendly” synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The research aimed to optimize the AgNPs synthesis process by investigating the influence of pH, temperature, extract volume, and contact time on both the reaction rate and the resulting AgNPs' morphology as well as discuss the potential of AgNPs in detecting some heavy metals. Various characterization methods, such as UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Zeta sizer, EDAX, and transmitting electron microscopy (TEM), were used to thoroughly analyze the properties of the synthesized AgNPs. The XRD results verified the successful production of AgNPs with a crystallite size between 20 to 30 nm. SEM and TEM analyses revealed that the AgNPs are primarily spherical and rod-shaped, with sizes ranging from 8 to 41 nm. Significantly, the synthesis rate of AgNPs was notably higher in basic conditions (pH 10) at 70 °C. These results underscore the effectiveness of acacia raddiana as a source for sustainable AgNPs synthesis. The study also examined the AgNPs' ability to detect various heavy metal ions colorimetrically, including Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Co2+. UV–Vis spectroscopy proved useful for this purpose. The color of AgNPs shifts from brownish-yellow to pale yellow, colorless, pale red, and reddish yellow when detecting Cu2+, Hg2+, Co2+, and Pb2+ ions, respectively. This change results in an alteration of the AgNPs' absorbance band, vanishing with Hg2+ and shifting from 423 to 352 nm, 438 nm, and 429 nm for Cu2+, Co2+, and Pb2+ ions, respectively. The AgNPs showed high sensitivity, with detection limits of 1.322 × 10–5 M, 1.37 × 10–7 M, 1.63 × 10–5 M, and 1.34 × 10–4 M for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Co2+, respectively. This study highlights the potential of using acacia raddiana for the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs and their effectiveness as environmental sensors for heavy metals, showcasing strong capabilities in colorimetric detection.

show abstract

“…In 2022, a total of 4.49 million metric tons of lead were mined worldwide [2]. Lead is used in a variety of applications, including radiation shielding, fusible alloys, lead-acid batteries, and construction materials [5]. Lead has a smaller carbon footprint than zinc, ranging from 0.30 to 0.76 tons CO 2 e per ton of Pb [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles

Radulović,

Terzić,

Stojanović

et al. 2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Smelting used to be less efficient; therefore, wastes obtained from historical processing at smelter plants usually contain certain quantities of valuable metals. Upon the extraction of useful metal elements, metallurgical slag can be repurposed as an alternative mineral raw material in the building sector. A case study was conducted, which included an investigation of the physico-chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural properties of Pb–Zn slag found at the historic landfill near the Topilnica Veles smelter in North Macedonia. The slag was sampled using drill holes. The mineralogical and microstructural analysis revealed that Pb–Zn slag is a very complex and inhomogeneous alternative raw material with utilizable levels of metals, specifically Pb (2.3 wt.%), Zn (7.1 wt.%), and Ag (27.5 ppm). Crystalline mineral phases of wurtzite, sphalerite, galena, cerussite, akermanite, wüstite, monticellite, franklinite, and zincite were identified in the analyzed samples. The slag’s matrix consisted of alumino-silicates, amorphous silicates, and mixtures of spinel and silicates. Due to the economic potential of Pb, Zn, and Ag extraction, the first stage of reutilization will be to transform metal concentrates into their collective concentrate, from which the maximum amount of these crucial components can be extracted. This procedure will include combination of gravity concentration and separation techniques. The next step is to assess the Pb–Zn slag’s potential applications in civil engineering, based on its mineralogical and physico-mechanical properties. Alumino-silicates present in Pb–Zn slag, which contain high concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3, are suitable for use in cementitious building composites. The goal of this research is to suggest a solution by which to close the circle of slag’s reutilization in terms of zero waste principles. It is therefore critical to thoroughly investigate the material, the established methods and preparation processes, and the ways of concentrating useful components into commercial products.

show abstract

Issues Concerning Manufacture and Recycling of Lead

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

FLCNet: faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network for lead bar surface defect detection

FLCNet: faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network for lead bar surface defect detection

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its environmental sensor ability to some heavy metals

Reapplication Potential of Historic Pb–Zn Slag with Regard to Zero Waste Principles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About