“…In that vein, Frater, Howe, and Murray (1997) introduced the concept of cultural manifestation, which is "the process of declaring intents about diversity, acting on those intentions, and using policies, legislation, and sanctions to enforce or reinforce intentions about diversity" (p. 230). This means academic units should clearly articulate that diversifying the faculty is a priority; they should establish principles and policies accordingly; implement strategies to meet this priority; and institute accountability measures.…”