The one constant of librarianship is the inevitability of interaction with diverse populations throughout all facets of the profession. This literature review critically examines works on the education and participation of North American Aboriginal people in the profession of librarianship and outlines the evolution of recruitment and retention strategies as they are addressed in scholarly literature. The authors pay particular attention to Canada where Aboriginal people have, historically, constituted an underserved and understudied demographic in the field of Library and Information Studies (LIS).The authors note that much LIS literature on diversity tackles the subject in its broadest scope; even authors specifically addressing race tend to focus on all visible minorities and ignore those factors specific to Aboriginal people. Those who do examine the topic in a more targeted fashion discuss the barriers that discourage Aboriginal people from pursuing librarianship, and touch on the varying levels of success achieved by different recruitment strategies. As many of these recruitment tactics have proven inadequate, educators and academics are beginning to explore the benefits of infusing diversity education throughout LIS curricula and, going further, indigenizing academia. In more recent scholarship, the fundamental bias of Western education is increasingly discussed, and recruitment literature now reflects the need to foster an academic environment where alternate methodologies and epistemologies are used and respected, rather than studied as historic relics of a stagnant culture.