luminescent π-conjugates with electronic windows in the UV-visible region. [1,2] On the other hand, passive ones can propagate the input light from one end to the other by nearly unaltered radiation. [1] Recently, molecule-based fluorescent optical waveguides (MFOWs), with the ability of propagating photoluminescence (PL) emission to the crystal terminal, have attracted great research interests due to their tailorable micro/nanostructures, [3] facile crystallization, [4] highly efficient PL, [3a] etc., and most of them belong to active waveguides. Importantly, the MFOWs systems are capable of propagating optical signals to far field along the waveguide with low optical loss, and the transmission efficiency of optical signals is comparable with those of reported purely inorganic (such as SiO 2 and lithium niobate crystals) and polymer waveguide systems. [5] Moreover, relative to traditional optical waveguide materials, MFOWs exhibit many competitive advantages as follows: 1) Benefitting from the tunable photoemission properties, MFOWs can transmit the optical signals in the visible light spectra region (380-780 nm), which is somewhat difficult to achieve for inorganic counterparts; 2) MFOWs are prone to forming 1D or 2D micro/nanostructures via adjusting the selfassembly environment, which readily meet the construction requirements for different optoelectronic devices; 3) Since the molecular crystals exhibit fewer undesirable grain boundary and lower defect density, the recombination of the excitons can be greatly suppressed in MFOWs, thus effectively accelerating charge transport and improving the device performance. [6] 4) MFOWs tend to respond to environmental stimuli (such as pressure, temperature or acidic/alkaline gases), which have drawn widespread attentions in the fields of optical detection, information encryption, sensors, and detectors. [7] MFOWs have been an important branch of photofunctional materials. An in-depth understanding of mechanisms on optical waveguiding and self-assembly of molecular crystals is instructive for the design of new materials. Recently, the construction of MFOWs with different sizes, dimensions, and shapes has been achieved in micro/nanostructures. During such a process, new theories related to materials' scale, [8] anisotropy, [9] and flexi bility have been proposed successively, which greatly enrich our knowledge of optical waveguiding materials. Furthermore, since the discovery of the optical waveguide property of molecular crystalline materials, different systems have also been widely studied, such as single-component Molecule-based fluorescent materials with optical waveguides (MFOWs) have attracted great research interest in the optoelectronic and photonic fields due to their unique photoluminescence properties. Theoretically, the waveband of propagated light within the MFOWs can cover the entire visible light region, which has been one of the important branches in micro/nanophotonics. In this review, the research progress of MFOWs during the last few years, includ...