“It reflects the society in which we live, except now everything is accentuated”: youth, social inequities, and the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has been an extraordinary moment of uncertainty and rapid transformation. The effects lockdowns had on youths’ mental and physical health, as well as the challenges they posed for young peoples’ learning, were of great concern. It quickly became clear that government responses to COVID-19, in particular regarding the social determinants of health, were not equally experienced across all social groups. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary lens at the intersection of health and education and uses Max Weber’s lifestyle theory to analyze the inequitable experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine most directly social inequities in education during the first wave of COVID-19 and explore long-term effects on youths’ educational opportunities, health, and well-being. Methods We use focus group materials collected from our Spring 2020 study. This study explored how youth were differentially experiencing the pandemic. Participants included 18 youth between the ages of 13 and 18 (11 girls, 7 boys). Participants were stratified by private and public secondary schools and we ran focus groups in which experiences of the pandemic were discussed. Results Our results show (1) clear differences in early access to education for youth who attended public and private institutions in Quebec during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) access to the internet and computers offset learning opportunities for students across Quebec throughout the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) few of the differences experienced during the pandemic were based on youth’s behaviours, or life choices, but rather stemmed from differences in material and structural opportunities, based largely, but not solely, on what type of school the youth attended (public or private). Conclusion The way in which the COVID-19 pandemic was handled by the Quebec education system deepened existing social inequities in education between private and public school attendees. Given the importance of education as one of the main determinants of health, particularly during transition periods such as adolescence, we must ensure that future policies do not repeat past mistakes.

How equitable has the COVID-19 response been in Canada?

“…A cluster of papers examined the experiences of inequity from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic for particular disadvantaged groups. Frohlich and colleagues (Frohlich et al, 2022) focused on youth's access to quality education, a critical social determinant of health. While youth in both private and public secondary schools faced government pandemic lockdown measures, the latter experienced considerable shortfalls in access to key resources, including adequate home learning environments, Internet access, and learning materials.…”

“…Une grappe de manuscrits porte sur les expériences d'iniquités vécues dès l'apparition de la pandémie de COVID-19 dans certains groupes défavorisés. Frohlich et collègues (Frohlich et al, 2022) se sont penchés sur l'accès des jeunes à un enseignement de qualitéun déterminant social incontournable de la santé. Les jeunes des écoles secondaires privées et publiques ont fait face aux mesures de confinement imposées par les gouvernements, mais ceux des écoles publiques ont connu des insuffisances considérables sur le plan de l'accès aux ressources clés, comme un environnement d'apprentissage adéquat à la maison, l'accès à Internet et le matériel pédagogique.…”