It's All in the Mind: PETTLEP-Based Imagery and Sports Performance

Smith, Dave; Wright, Caroline J.; Allsopp, Amy; Westhead, Hayley

doi:10.1080/10413200600944132

Cited by 152 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Contrary to this recommendation, the present review found no correlation between the total number of elements included and intervention success (r ¼ −0.059, n ¼ 15, p ¼ 0.828). Furthermore, no individual PETTLEP element correlated with intervention success despite speculation that some elements might be more important than others (Smith et al, 2007).…”

Section: Pettlepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research suggests that an increased use of PETTLEP elements maximises the success of an imagery intervention (Smith et al, 2007(Smith et al, , 2008Wright & Smith, 2009). Thus, Smith (2011) advises that for maximum benefit, the PETTLEP model should be integrated as a whole, rather than in part.…”

Section: Pettlepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ramsey et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2007) that aimed to manipulate the number of PETTLEP elements included. Table 3 displays the frequency of the different elements that were found to be explicitly or implicitly followed in the remaining interventions, which ranged from 2 to 7 elements (M ¼ 4, SD ¼ 1.73).…”

Section: Pettlepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporating PETTLEP during imagery can improve performance more effectively than traditional imagery use (e.g. Smith, Wright, Allsopp, & Westhead, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodological Variations in Guided Imagery Interventions Using Movement Imagery Scripts in Sport: A Systematic Review

Cooley

Williams

Burns

et al. 2013

Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity

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Imagery studies have varied widely in the methods used to deliver guided imagery interventions. This variation has led to difficulties comparing studies and uncertainty as to what methods should be followed. A review is needed to evaluate the interventions to date to inform applied recommendations. The aim of this systematic review was to (1) assess the quality of intervention design, (2) investigate the extent to which interventions vary, (3) highlight the different methods that should be considered in the design and implementation of future interventions, and (4) investigate adherence to some of the current theories and models of imagery use. A total of 20 interventions administered between the years 2001 and 2011 were compared over 17 main areas, including imagery ability, duration, script development, delivery method, and adherence to the PETTLEP model and the bio-informational theory. The results of this review found evidence of many inconsistencies between interventions and demonstrate a need for more comprehensive practical guidelines. Recommend-ations are offered for the design of future interventions, including increasing imagery practice time and the use of personalised imagery scripts. Numerous questions are raised to strengthen and direct future research such as the need for continued modification of scripts throughout an intervention.

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Section: Pettlepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pettlepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pettlepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporating PETTLEP during imagery can improve performance more effectively than traditional imagery use (e.g. Smith, Wright, Allsopp, & Westhead, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Methodological Variations in Guided Imagery Interventions Using Movement Imagery Scripts in Sport: A Systematic Review

Cooley

Williams

Burns

et al. 2013

Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity

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“…This increases the functional equivalence at the neural level between the image and execution of the movement and incorporates the physical element of the PETTLEP model-something that many imagery interventions do (e.g., Robin et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2007). Therefore, the MIQ-R is likely to provide a more accurate assessment of participants' imagery ability compared with questionnaires completed while seated, as the images are likely to be performed more similarly to how most intervention imagery is performed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Validation and Development of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire

Williams

Cumming

Ntoumanis

et al. 2012

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

192

144

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This research validated and extended the Movement Imagery QuestionnaireRevised (MIQ-R; Hall & Martin, 1997). Study 1 (N = 400) examined the MIQ-R's factor structure via multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analysis. The questionnaire was then modified in Study 2 (N = 370) to separately assess the ease of imaging external visual imagery and internal visual imagery, as well as kinesthetic imagery (termed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3; MIQ-3). Both Studies 1 and 2 found that a correlated-traits correlated-uniqueness model provided the best fit to the data, while displaying gender invariance and no significant differences in latent mean scores across gender. Study 3 (N = 97) demonstrated the MIQ-3's predictive validity revealing the relationships between imagery ability and observational learning use. Findings highlight the method effects that occur by assessing each type of imagery ability using the same four movements and demonstrate that better imagers report greater use of observational learning.

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