“…Oracy, as a skill, takes an important place among basic communication skills for employability, and teaching and assessing it requires careful and responsible handling. Many researchers paid enough attention to oracy, and its development mechanisms with young students (Oliver et al, 2005;Mercer et al, 2017;Kaldahl, 2019), but still little is known about how oracy is built within the vocational context with the university students (Kaldahl, 2019;Doherty et al, 2011;Hill, 2021). Furthermore, developing oracy is traditionally researched mainly with L1 learners (Wilkinson, 1965;Mercer et al, 2017).…”