“It's Like a Drive by Misogyny”: Sexual Violence at UK Music Festivals

Bows, Hannah; Day, Aviah Sarah; Dhir, Alishya

doi:10.1177/10778012221120443

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…AOD use in LES and OMF has been associated with a diverse array of harms. These harms include excessive intoxication and overdose [ 15 ], poor mental health [ 16 , 17 ], offending behaviors such as violence or public disorder offenses [ 18 , 19 ], sexual risk-taking [ 1 ], alcohol- and other drug-affected driving [ 12 , 20 ], sexual violence [ 21 , 22 ], risk of victimization [ 23 ], and death [ 24 ]. As such, AOD use in these settings can place a significant burden on acute health services including ambulances and hospitals [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of interventions that impact alcohol and other drug-related harms in licensed entertainment settings and outdoor music festivals

Eassey,

Hughes,

Wadds

et al. 2024

Harm Reduct J

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Background Harms associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) in licensed entertainment settings (LES) and outdoor music festivals (OMF) are ongoing public health and criminal justice concerns. This systematic review provides a comprehensive, synthesized report on the evidence base of interventions that impact harm in these settings, and how they affect health, behavioral, and criminal justice outcomes. Methods Nine databases were searched for experimental and observational studies published between 2010 and 2021. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, published in English, described interventions which could impact AOD-related harms in LES or OMF (and were delivered in these environments), and reported on health, criminal justice and/or behavioral outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program for qualitative studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted to synthesize outcomes across studies. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020140004). Results Of the 48,303 studies screened, 100 met the inclusion criteria. 86 focused solely on reducing alcohol-related harm, 7 on reducing illicit drug-related harm, and 7 on both. Most (n = 88) focused on LES and evaluated changes in laws and regulations (n = 28) and/or multicomponent interventions/policies (n = 41). Multicomponent interventions showed the best results for both health (62% positive) and criminal justice (84% positive) outcomes, with 71% of studies being rated as strong quality. There was also good evidence to support the careful application of trading hour restrictions and limited but promising evidence to support medical services and drug checking. Conclusion The breadth, quality and volume of evidence regarding what works in reducing AOD-related harm in recreational settings have increased in the past decade, particularly regarding LES. Findings support onsite medical services (reducing ambulance transfer rates), multicomponent interventions targeting alcohol accessibility and availability (reducing assaults), and drug checking services, but suggest other interventions such as drug detection dogs may exacerbate harm. Further, higher quality research is required to address identified gaps in the evidence base, particularly on optimal interventions within OMF, around illicit drugs more broadly and in the Global South.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of interventions that impact alcohol and other drug-related harms in licensed entertainment settings and outdoor music festivals

Eassey,

Hughes,

Wadds

et al. 2024

Harm Reduct J

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Feeling Safe While Having Fun? Review of Experienced Safety and Fear of Crime at Events and Festivals

Spithoven,

Brands

2024

Smart Urban Safety and Security

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Events and festivals are big business. Despite differences, the overall goal of providing visitors with a positive experience and making a profit for the organization of the event or festival is the same. As clear liminal settings, events and festivals trigger the experience of freedom among visitors, but research also indicates that this comes at a price of heightened risk of, for example, ‘(...) pickpockets, sexual assault, and terrorist attacks (...)’ (Hoover et al., The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 66:202, 2022). At the same time, there is little research attention for how such risks of crime victimization are experienced, and how safe people feel at events and festivals more generally. This is somewhat surprising because, in general, safety is considered to be crucial to the success of (semi)public spaces and people’s willingness to frequent these. One could hypothesize a similar importance to event and festival settings (Dewilde et al. Journal of Peace Education 18:163–181, 2021) and some authors (Pivac et al. Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA 69:123–134, 2019; Barker et al., Journal of Travel Research 41:355–361, 2003) claim the experience of safety to be crucial for the future of events. In this chapter we will explore what is special and (potentially) unsafe about events and festivals and review what is known about event and festival visitors’ fear of crime and explanatory factors. Findings are contrasted with knowledge from the general fear of crime literature. In doing so, we pay special attention to gender differences in the experience of fear of crime at events and festivals, the role of environmental factors, and the role of surveillance and policing.Based on our exposition, it follows that there clearly is no one-size-fits-all solution for the prevention of fear of crime at events and festivals, and a practical approach has to be based on tailor-made analyses for specific events and festivals. Increased security and surveillance are not per se the answer to fear of crime at events and festivals; in particular circumstances these might even alarm visitors about the risks of crime victimization, affecting their experienced safety in a negative way. It can also be questioned to what extent such an approach is sensitive to recognizing and addressing the (perceived) threat of sexual harassment and violence, which the literature we reviewed consistently conveys as a specific and pressing risk at events and festivals, especially to women. A way forward could be raising awareness of sexual violence and harassment among visitors, staff, and organizers of events and festivals. We would also argue monitoring perceived risk of different types of victimization (among which sexual harassment and violence) could be expanded using different techniques, such as app-based measurements of real-time experience of safety. In general, it seems that the prevention of fear of crime at events and festivals needs a bottom-up, tailor-made approach, in which technological solutions may play a role but should not be considered a one-size-fix-all.

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Exploring Experiences of Drink and Needle Spiking Incidents Among Global Drug Survey Respondents from 22 Countries

Davies,

Piatkowski,

Frankovitch

et al. 2024

Journal of Drug Issues

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This study explored experiences of spiking following the re-opening of nightlife settings post COVID-19 lockdown. Global Drug Survey 2022, respondents were asked about experience, context, and consequences of drink/needle spiking. In a sample of 7697 respondents 2% reported experiencing spiking the last 12 months, and 20% over a year ago. Most occurred in clubs/bars (54.8%), but a quarter occurred in a private home. 84.9% of respondents suspected a drug was added to their drink; 4.2% thought they had been injected with a drug. Almost a fifth experienced sexual assault during the incident. Only 7.2% who experienced drink spiking reported it to police. Higher AUDIT scores, being a woman, recent illicit substance use and recent clubbing experience were also associated with recent spiking. Low rates of reporting means it is difficult to understand prevalence and causes. However, media reports of an epidemic of spiking appear to have been disproportionately emphasised.

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“It's Like a Drive by Misogyny”: Sexual Violence at UK Music Festivals

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

A systematic review of interventions that impact alcohol and other drug-related harms in licensed entertainment settings and outdoor music festivals

A systematic review of interventions that impact alcohol and other drug-related harms in licensed entertainment settings and outdoor music festivals

Feeling Safe While Having Fun? Review of Experienced Safety and Fear of Crime at Events and Festivals

Exploring Experiences of Drink and Needle Spiking Incidents Among Global Drug Survey Respondents from 22 Countries

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