“It’s Like Everyone’s Trying to Put Pills in You”: Pharmaceutical Violence and Harmful Mental Health Services Inside a California Juvenile Detention Center

Psychological Experience of Juvenile Offenders in Correctional Institutions: A Systematic Review Of Qualitative Studies

“…Data saturation enhances trustworthiness (Fusch & Ness, 2015). In addition, some studies also explain the biases and assumptions of the researcher in the form of memos, reflexive diaries, and inviting additional researchers (de Valk et al, 2019;Flores, 2013;Flores & Barahona-López, 2019;Tarrant & Torn, 2021). Note that all of the included studies also explained the findings.…”

“…Seven papers (Ansah et al, 2022;Day, 2021;Flores & Pamplona, 2020;Holligan, 2015;Little, 2015;Nagamuthu et al, 2019;Tarrant & Torn, 2021) explained how the ethical approval for their research was granted. In addition, five studies (Bengtsson, 2016;Dako-Gyeke et al, 2022;de Valk et al, 2019;Flores, 2013;Flores & Barahona-López, 2019;Garcia & Lane, 2013) explained to participants about the study, including details on obtaining their consent and ensuring that the confidentiality was maintained. Whereas some studies did not include how they exhibit ethical consideration (Bengtsson, 2012;Vélez Young-Alfaro, 2017).…”

“…All studies also employed at least one step to ensure credibility, which is through a research diary (de Valk et al, 2019;Flores, 2013), triangulation (Bengtsson, 2012(Bengtsson, , 2016Little, 2015;Vélez Young-Alfaro, 2017), conducting participant validation (Ansah et al, 2022), a thorough inspection of negative cases (Flores & Barahona-López, 2019;Flores & Pamplona, 2020; as well as consultation amongst the authors (Dako-Gyeke et al, 2022;Garcia & Lane, 2013;Nagamuthu et al, 2019;Tarrant & Torn, 2021).…”

Editors’ Introduction to the Special Issue, “Neoliberal Youth Carceralism and Alternative Visions of Justice”

“…Ultimately what results is what Flores and Barahona-López refer to as pharmaceutical violence-in which young women are coerced to take medications that they often do not wish to take but which cause physical and emotional side effects. In addition, the young women experience violence by suffering frequent aggravations and emotional harms, along with further reductions of control that they have over their lives through the (mis)diagnosis and (mis)treatment that "pathologize[] these young women, their families and their communities" (Flores and Barahona-López 2019). The authors also explain that young women feel it is necessary to discontinue medications, risking further punishment, to prepare themselves to return to communities where they cannot access the medications on which their bodies have become dependent.…”

“…The authors also explain that young women feel it is necessary to discontinue medications, risking further punishment, to prepare themselves to return to communities where they cannot access the medications on which their bodies have become dependent. Flores and Barahona-López (2019) give us new insights into how pharmaceutical violence takes place and is experienced by young Latinx girls, and their article serves as a potent reminder to continue to scrutinize the services, therapies and treatments that young people, already disempowered by virtue of their status as non-adults, are given after being caught behaving in unwanted ways by adults.…”