It's Time to (Again) Recognize the Considerable Clinical and Public Health Significance of Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Kaminsky, Leonard A.; Imboden, Mary T.; Ozemek, Cemal

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.02.004

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cardiorespiratory fitness is a useful prognostic indicator for the health of a population [ 14 , 15 ] and is predictive of future health outcomes, including cardiometabolic health [ 16 , 17 ], cardiovascular disease [ 18 , 19 ], cardiovascular mortality [ 20 , 21 ], cancer mortality [ 19 , 22 ] and all-cause mortality [ 18 , 19 , 23 – 26 ]. Cardiorespiratory fitness is linked to mortality independently of a number of important covariates including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, self-reported physical activity levels, socioeconomic status and comorbidities, making it a powerful predictor of future health states and death [ 18 , 19 , 24 , 27 , 28 ]. In fact, no other modifiable risk factor has been shown to be a stronger independent predictor of health (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prince,

Dempsey,

Reed

et al. 2024

Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of current and future health. While the impact of habitual physical activity on CRF is well established, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) remains less understood. Objective We aimed to determine the effect of SB on CRF. Methods Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus from inception to August 2022. Randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between SB and CRF were eligible. Narrative syntheses and meta-analyses summarised the evidence, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) certainty was based on evidence from randomised controlled trials. Results This review included 18 studies that focused on youth (four randomised controlled trials, three quasi-experimental studies, 11 cohort studies) and 24 on adult populations (15 randomised controlled trials, five quasi-experimental studies, four cohort studies). In youth and adults, evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests mixed effects of SB on CRF, but with the potential for interventions to improve CRF. Quasi-experimental and cohort studies also support similar conclusions. Certainty of evidence was very low for both age groups. A meta-analysis of adult randomised controlled trials found that interventions targeting reducing SB, or increasing physical activity and reducing SB, had a significant effect on post-peak oxygen consumption (mean difference = 3.16 mL.kg–1.min–1, 95% confidence interval: 1.76, 4.57). Conclusions Evidence from randomised controlled trials indicates mixed associations between SB and CRF, with the potential for SB to influence CRF, as supported by meta-analytical findings. Further well-designed trials are warranted to confirm the relationship between SB and CRF, explore the effects of SB independent from higher intensity activity, and investigate the existence of such relationships in paediatric populations. Clinical Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022356218.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, no other modifiable risk factor has been shown to be a stronger independent predictor of health (e.g. cardiometabolic disease) and longevity than CRF [ 1 , 20 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prince,

Dempsey,

Reed

et al. 2024

Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An electronic scale and stadiometer (model 799; Electronic Column Scale) were used to measure the participant's body weight (kg) and body height (cm) with light clothes and barefoot. We calculated the body mass index as body weight (kg)/body height (m) 2 . The body composition assessment was performed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (Hologic Wi; Hologic Inc.) and the fat mass and lean mass were obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical fitness is considered an important marker of health in both men and women 1,2 . Physical fitness is typically expressed as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as well as muscular strength 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐specific dose–response effects of a 24‐week supervised concurrent exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in young adults: The ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial

Camacho‐Cardenosa,

Amaro‐Gahete,

Martinez‐Tellez

et al. 2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concurrent training has been postulated as an appropriate time‐efficient strategy to improve physical fitness, yet whether the exercise‐induced adaptations are similar in men and women is unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate sex‐specific dose–response effects of a 24‐week supervised concurrent exercise training program on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in young adults. One hundred and forty‐four sedentary adults aged 18–25 years were assigned to either (i) a control group (n = 54), (ii) a moderate intensity exercise group (MOD‐EX, n = 46), or (iii) a vigorous intensity exercise group (VIG‐EX, n = 44) by unrestricted randomization. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), hand grip strength, and one‐repetition maximum of leg press and bench press were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention. A total of 102 participants finished the intervention (Control, n = 36; 52% women, MOD‐EX, n = 37; 70% women, and VIG‐EX, n = 36; 72% women). In men, VO2max significantly increased in the MOD‐EX (~8%) compared with the control group and in the VIG‐EX group after the intervention (~6.5%). In women, VO2max increased in the MOD‐EX and VIG‐EX groups (~5.5%) compared with the control group after the intervention. There was a significant increment of leg press in the MOD‐EX (~15.5%) and VIG‐EX (~18%) groups compared with the control group (~1%) in women. A 24‐week supervised concurrent exercise was effective at improving cardiorespiratory fitness and lower body limbs muscular strength in young women—independently of the predetermined intensity—while only at moderate intensity improved cardiorespiratory fitness in men.

show abstract

“…In one of the largest meta-analyses to date, CRF was inversely associated with all-cause mortality, with every 1 metabolic equivalent increase in estimated CRF (eCRF) associated with an 11% reduction in mortality [ 51 , 52 ]. This inverse relationship has been demonstrated to exist in individuals with and without CVD [ 53 , 54 ]. Despite this, CRF is not routinely or regularly assessed by physicians as part of an overall health assessment [ 13 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Disease

Haidar,

Horwich

2023

Curr Cardiol Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review Obesity, generally defined by body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), while cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) decreases risk. In chronic CVD, an obesity survival paradox in which higher BMI is associated with improved prognosis has been reported. This paper will examine the effect of obesity on CVD risk, explore obesity as a risk factor in patients with established CVD, and investigate the relationship between CRF, obesity, and CVD. Recent Findings Through metabolic and hemodynamic changes, obesity increases the risk for CVD and contributes to the development of other cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Obesity is associated with metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory changes that leads to atherosclerosis increasing the risk for coronary artery disease, and myocardial remodeling increasing the risk for heart failure. However, it has also been observed that overweight/obese patients with established CVD have a better prognosis when compared to non-obese individuals termed the obesity paradox. CRF is a vital component of health associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes and furthermore has been shown to markedly attenuate or nullify the relationship between obesity and CVD risk/prognosis. Summary Increasing CRF mitigates CVD risk factors and improves overall prognosis in CVD regardless of obesity status.

show abstract

It's Time to (Again) Recognize the Considerable Clinical and Public Health Significance of Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sex‐specific dose–response effects of a 24‐week supervised concurrent exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in young adults: The ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial

Obesity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About