Itaconic acid grafting on LDPE blended in molten state

Песецкий, С. С.; Jurkowski, B.; Krivoguz, Yu. M.; Urbanowicz, Richard A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19970822)65:8<1493::aid-app6>3.0.co;2-b

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…During the thermolysis of 2 we have evidence for trapping of the co-generated oxygen-centred radical 7 when employing DMPO and PBN-d 14 . During the thermolysis of 1 radical 6, formed viaˇ-scission of the co-generated radical 5, was trapped by PBN-d 14 and TTBNB but during the thermolysis of 2 the main radical produced viaˇ-scission of radical 7 would be methyl [Eqn (7)] which would be indistinguishable from the methyl radical formed followinǧ -scission of the tert-butoxyl radical [Eqn (6)]. During the thermolysis of 2 we were unable to find evidence for the trapping of an alkynyl radical [Eqn (8)], which we believe is less favoured on energetic grounds than Eqn (7), or any vinyl radicals (which could have been formed via addition of any of the radicals present to the parent peroxide).…”

Section: Bifunctional Dialkyl Peroxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, there are reports of the use of 1 in the heat curing of elastomers, 1,4 in the modification of the molecular structure and the processing properties of linear low-density polyethylene 5 and in the grafting of low-density polypropylene. 6 Likewise, there are reports of the use of 2 in the grafting homopolymerization of monomer to polyethylene, 7 the cross-linking of polyolefins 1 radicals which, at high thermolysis temperatures, will tend to undergoˇ-scission. 3,10 -12 We are not aware of any previous reports of the radical chemistry of the two novel monofunctional dialkyl peroxides 3 and 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ESR spin-trap study of the radicals present during the thermolysis of some novel dialkyl peroxides

Mekarbane

Tabner

2001

Magn. Reson. Chem.

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Section: Bifunctional Dialkyl Peroxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR spin-trap study of the radicals present during the thermolysis of some novel dialkyl peroxides

Mekarbane

Tabner

2001

Magn. Reson. Chem.

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“…In recent years, many aspects of the grafting mechanisms of IA with respect to polyolefin macromolecules have been investigated. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The most important formulation and technological factors have been determined and optimized so as to control the course of the grafting process, the grafting efficiency, the course of the by-process (i.e., crosslinking of polyethylene macromolecules), as well as the PE-g-IA physical structure. Blends of LDPE-g-IA with Polyamide 6 were chosen to show that IA grafted onto PE improves interphases adhesion in the blends, increases the impact strength of the materials, and improves their processability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting of itaconic acid onto LDPE by the reactive extrusion: Effect of neutralizing agents

Krivoguz

Песецкий

Jurkowski

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Grafting of itaconic acid (IA) onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was performed by reactive extrusion where the initiator was dicumyl peroxide, and the neutralizing agents (NAs) were zinc oxides and hydroxides as well as magnesium oxides and hydroxides. The carboxyl groups were neutralized in molten LDPE directly in the course of acid grafting, and in prefabricated functionalized polyethylene (LDPE-g-IA). It was found that neutralizing agents introduced into the initial reaction mixture increase the yield of LDPE-g-IA while the carboxyl groups were neutralized partially or totally through chemical reactions. The physical structure of LDPE-g-IA did not in fact suffer any substantial changes. From the standpoint of neutralization activity, the NAs studied could be arranged as follows: Zn(OH) 2 Ͼ ZnO Ͼ Mg(OH) 2 Ͼ MgO. NA, added into the initial reaction mixture improved the grafting efficiency of IA onto LDPE. In case of the one-step process (neutralization simultaneously with grafting), the neutralizing effect appears stronger than that in the two-step process (neutralization of prepared LDPE-g-IA). This means that neutralization of carboxyl groups in IA was less effective when NA was introduced into LDPE-g-IA than for the case of the initial reactive mixture. Chemical neutralization of grafted IA results in products of improved resistance to thermal oxidation and thermal stability of melt. This result is of practical importance to the opportunities for widening the application range for PE modified by grafting IA, while preparing polymer blends to be compounded, processed, and used at elevated temperatures.

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“…The nanocomposites were produced by the melt compounding of PA6/66 with a single‐screw extruder (screw diameter = 36 mm, length/diameter = 17) equipped with a static mixer 32. The shear rate of the melt moving through the mixer discs was about 100 s −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–polymer nanocomposites produced by the melt‐compounding interaction of an aliphatic polyamide with metal particles

Песецкий

Jurkowski

Krivoguz

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Composites prepared at 2008C by the melt compounding of copolymer polyamide 6/66 and ferric chloride, ferric oxalate, cupric chloride, cupric formiate, cupric acetate, Cr-carbonyl, Mo-carbonyl, or W-carbonyl have been studied. The solution stability and aggregation suppression for nanoparticles in a polyamide can be explained by the formation of stable polymer-metal complexes. The nitrogen atoms of amide and amine groups of polymers serve as ligands for the coordination compounds that form. The dynamic viscosity of the solutions suggests that Cr-carbonyl forms mostly intermolecular complexes, whereas ferric oxalate, ferric chloride, cupric formiate, cupric acetate, cupric chloride, Cr-carbonyl, Mo-carbonyl, and W-carbonyl form intramolecular complexes. The critical concentrations for metal-containing compounds at which a dispersion rises to nanodimensions without aggregating in the polymer matrix under the experimental conditions are 0.024 wt % for ferric oxalate, 0.12 wt % for ferric chloride, 0.08 wt % for cupric formiate, 0.096 wt % for cupric acetate, and 0.19 wt % for cupric chloride. Metal carbonyls undergo dispersion (with their concentration up to 5 wt %) in polyamide 6/66 without aggregating into larger formations.

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Itaconic acid grafting on LDPE blended in molten state

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

ESR spin-trap study of the radicals present during the thermolysis of some novel dialkyl peroxides

ESR spin-trap study of the radicals present during the thermolysis of some novel dialkyl peroxides

Grafting of itaconic acid onto LDPE by the reactive extrusion: Effect of neutralizing agents

Metal–polymer nanocomposites produced by the melt‐compounding interaction of an aliphatic polyamide with metal particles

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