“…Consequentially, we find that COVID-19 seems to have drawn the attention toward leadership approaches that deal with change, uncertainty, and complex challenges, such as adaptive and agile leadership. We find them, for example, in clusters on public leadership (cluster 2—e.g., Garavaglia et al, 2021 ; Janssen and van der Voort, 2020 ) and educational leadership (cluster 5— Fernandez and Shaw, 2020 ). Situated within contingency theory approaches ( Dinh et al, 2014 ), adaptive leadership is reactive in “changing behavior in appropriate ways as the situation changes” ( Yukl & Mahsud, 2010 , p. 81), while agile leaders are more proactive by keeping in mind different scenarios, daring to experiment, dealing with paradox, and learning from failure ( Parker et al, 2015 ).…”