Item Response Theory Analysis of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Revised

Eichenbaum, Alexander E.; Marcus, David K.; French, Brian F.

doi:10.1177/1073191117715729

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…For example, the reverse-scored items on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (Mattick & Clarke, 1998) assess extroversion and are not specific to social anxiety (Rodebaugh et al, 2007). Eichenbaum et al (2019) compared the functioning of the reverse-scored items to the directly scored items on the PPI-R. They found a clear pattern in which most of the poorest performing items (lowest a parameters) were keyed in the opposite direction from the majority of the items on a subscale.…”

Section: Reverse Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…threshold parameters are estimated for each step in the item (e.g., b i1 , b i2 , and b i3; Penfield, 2014). The GRM has been applied to a number of psychopathy measures, including the PPI-R (Eichenbaum et al, 2019). Model fit was assessed by calculating chi-square statistics for each item, such that a significant value indicates poor model fit.…”

Section: Graded Response Irt Model and Model Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because it has a triarchic factor structure that overlaps considerably with the triarchic model (Benning et al, 2003), the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R; Lilienfeld & Widows, 2005) may be especially relevant to the TriPM. In an undergraduate sample, 80 of the 131 (61%) PPI-R content items yielded significant DIF (Eichenbaum et al, 2019). The PPI-R Self-centered Impulsivity factor, which highly correlates with TriPM-D, yielded 34 DIF items out of 70.…”

Section: Psychopathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Item response theory analysis of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure.

Eichenbaum¹,

Marcus²,

French³

2021

Psychological Assessment

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This study investigated item and scale functioning in the triarchic psychopathy measure (TriPM) using an item response theory (IRT) analysis. TriPM data collected from 937 (410 men and 527 women) college students and community members were analyzed. A graded response model was utilized to analyze the items comprising the TriPM's three scales. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) supported the unidimensionality of the Disinhibition and Meanness scales, whereas Boldness was best represented by two domains. Each TriPM scale was found to include some items that had limited ability to differentiate between respondents possessing varying levels of the trait being measured. Across all scales, 34 items (61%) yielded evidence of significantly different responding between men and women possessing similar levels of the underlying trait, or differential item functioning (DIF). The scoring format (i.e., directly scored vs. reverse scored) also influenced item functioning, especially when the given scale included a large majority of one scoring type. Overall, the IRT and DIF results suggest that the TriPM effectively identifies disinhibition and meanness in individuals possessing high levels of those traits, and boldness at lower levels, but does not seem to identify these traits equally well in men and women. Possible revisions to the Boldness scale as well as ideas for addressing female and male DIF were provided. Public Significance StatementThe triarchic psychopathy measure (TriPM) is a self-report instrument that assesses disinhibition, meanness, and boldness. The TriPM most precisely assessed disinhibition and meanness in individuals possessing high levels of those traits, and boldness across a wider range of this trait, but the TriPM does not identify these traits equally well in men and women.

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Section: Reverse Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Graded Response Irt Model and Model Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychopathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Item response theory analysis of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure.

Eichenbaum¹,

Marcus²,

French³

2021

Psychological Assessment

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“…The implementation of polytomous item response theory (IRT) models to inform instrument design and validation has been increasing across social and educational contexts where rating scales are usually used (e.g., Carle et al, 2009;Sharkness and DeAngelo, 2011;Cordier et al, 2019;French and Vo, 2020). Examples include the use of polytomous IRT to develop parallel and short forms of existing measures (e.g., Uttaro and Lehman, 1999) and to detect items that show different item functioning (DIF; e.g., Eichenbaum, et al, 2019;French and Vo, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Polytomous IRT Models With Rating Scale Data: An Investigation Over Sample Size, Instrument Length, and Missing Data

Dai

Kehinde

et al. 2021

Front. Educ.

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The implementation of polytomous item response theory (IRT) models such as the graded response model (GRM) and the generalized partial credit model (GPCM) to inform instrument design and validation has been increasing across social and educational contexts where rating scales are usually used. The performance of such models has not been fully investigated and compared across conditions with common survey-specific characteristics such as short test length, small sample size, and data missingness. The purpose of the current simulation study is to inform the literature and guide the implementation of GRM and GPCM under these conditions. For item parameter estimations, results suggest a sample size of at least 300 and/or an instrument length of at least five items for both models. The performance of GPCM is stable across instrument lengths while that of GRM improves notably as the instrument length increases. For person parameters, GRM reveals more accurate estimates when the proportion of missing data is small, whereas GPCM is favored in the presence of a large amount of missingness. Further, it is not recommended to compare GRM and GPCM based on test information. Relative model fit indices (AIC, BIC, LL) might not be powerful when the sample size is less than 300 and the length is less than 5. Synthesis of the patterns of the results, as well as recommendations for the implementation of polytomous IRT models, are presented and discussed.

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“…Studies also regularly reported sex factorial invariance of the main instruments dedicated to assess psychopathic traits (Anestis et al, 2011; Drislane & Patrick, 2017; Warren et al, 2003). Regarding differences in item functioning, specific analyses have found that men more readily endorsed and were better discriminated by criteria assessing affective components of psychopathy (Bolt, Hare, Vitale, & Newman, 2004; Eichenbaum, 2019; Gummelt, Anestis, & Carbonell, 2012). More specifically, affective items seem to outperform interpersonal items for discriminating psychopathy in men, whereas interpersonal items would outperform affective items in women (Schrum & Salekin, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does sex influence the network structure of psychopathy?

Bronchain¹,

Raynal²,

Chabrol³

2021

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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Sex-specific manifestations of psychopathy remain highly debated both at the dimensional and structural levels. The network theory provides a promising framework for investigating this question. Thus, our study aimed to explore the network structure of psychopathy across sex. Participants were 1990 college students (males: 43%, females: 57%) who received the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment-Short Form (EPA-SF). We first estimated a Gaussian Graphical Model including the eighteen EPA-SF facets, separately for males and females. We then computed centrality indices (i.e., strength and expected influence), predictability, and finally conducted a bootstrapping procedure to assess the accuracy of edge weights and the stability of the centrality indices. The results of the network comparison test provide support for the stability of the network structure of psychopathic traits across sex. Self-Centeredness was the most central trait in the two networks, followed by Unconcern, Rashness, and Anger for females, and by Callousness, Unconcern, and Rashness for males. Minor sex-differences and future directions are discussed.

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Item Response Theory Analysis of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Revised

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Item response theory analysis of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure.

Item response theory analysis of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure.

Performance of Polytomous IRT Models With Rating Scale Data: An Investigation Over Sample Size, Instrument Length, and Missing Data

Does sex influence the network structure of psychopathy?

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