“…The solution methodology for the VRPPC was initially based on heuristic methods ( [Chu, 2005], [Bolduc et al, 2007]) followed by metaheuristics: tabu search algorithms ( [Côté & Potvin, 2009], [Krajewska & Kopfer, 2009], [Euchi, 2017]), adaptive local neighbourhood search [Ziebuhr & Kopfer, 2014], iterated local search ( [Castaneda et al, 2020]), variable neighbourhood search ( [Stenger, Schneider, & Goeke, 2013], [Gham et al, 2017]), perturbation procedures ( [Bolduc et al, 2008]). Some authors have attempted the use of exact methods ( [Dabia et al, 2019]) or the inclusion of dual-based valid inequalities ( [Diaby & Ramesh, 1995]).…”