Iterative decoding of multiple descriptions

Multiple-description iterative coding image watermarking

“…In other words, the output from one description can be used to correct the output from the other description. This error correcting technique is called "iterative decoding of multiple descriptions" [14]. In this paper, we propose an image watermarking system which combines a multiple-description coder with an iterative decoder, we call this technique "multiple-description iterative coding" watermark or MDIC for short.…”

Joint source channel decoding of multiple descriptions

“…In (n channel ) MDe, [15] presented the first iterative iype joint decoding scheme which works in a manner similar to turbo decoding [16]. Similar, but somewhat improved iterative decoding scheme can be found in [17] which uses the concept of "extrinsic information" for exchanging information between constituent decoders.…”

“…We first discuss the iterative decoding scheme presented in [15]. A careful analysis shows that the iterative decoding in [17] is very similar to that in [i5].…”

“…The main difference is that [17] uses extrinsic information (Li(i*,) and, Lfi(j¡n)) to calculate the priori log likelihood ratios (L"z(jxò and (Lo{i,¡rr,)) while, as seen above, the iterative decoding in [15] uses the a posteriori L-values directly to calculate the priori information.…”

Soft decoding of multiple descriptions

“…The authors in [8] consider delay-constrained slow-fading channels and show that an MDSQ based system can outperform a system that uses channel coding for a given delay. The author in [5] considers the additional usage of a channel code in each channel and applies the turbo principle to the channel decoding, taking into account the index probability distributions on each channel. We consider here multiple description uniform quantization (MDUSQ) followed by VLCs and analyze dependencies between the different variables involved in the chain.…”