Iterative Design of Impact-Damping Gloves for Safer Boxing

Perkins, Paul; Jamieson, A. M.; Ferguson, Geordie; Spratford, Wayne; Hahn, Allan G.

doi:10.4236/ojsst.2018.83005

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that many devices used to measure impact forces produced by boxers have incorporated protective padding [16] [17] [22] [23]. This has been thought essential to safeguard not only the devices but also the hands of the boxers [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumatic Boxing Glove Reduces Upward Drift in Peak Force and Loading Rate over a Long Series of Impacts

Perkins

Jamieson²,

Spratford

et al. 2019

WJET

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A conventional boxing glove and a prototype pneumatic glove were each fitted to a mechanical fist and dropped 253 times from a height of 3 metres on to a force plate covered by an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mat. Impact dynamics were measured and modelled. From the outset, peak impact force and peak rate of force development (loading rate) were lower for the pneumatic glove. For both gloves, these variables displayed upward drift during the drop series, but the drift was smaller for the pneumatic glove. Consequently, the magnitude of the protective effect provided by the pneumatic glove increased with the number of impacts. For the conventional glove, change in peak force showed a close inverse relationship to force plate contact time (R 2 > 0.96) and the time from first contact of the glove with the force plate to attainment of peak force (R 2 = 0.85). These relationships were much weaker for the pneumatic glove (R 2 = 0.09 and 0.59 respectively), suggesting the possibility of a more complex impact damping mechanism. Following the 253 drops of the pneumatic glove, the EVA mat covering the force plate was replaced, and another 10 drops then performed. Peak force readings were immediately reduced to an extent suggesting that 26%-34% of the increase that had occurred over the 253 drops was attributable to impact-induced change in mat properties. This has implications for future experimental designs. Overall, the findings provided further evidence of the potential of pneumatic gloves to enable safer boxing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumatic Boxing Glove Reduces Upward Drift in Peak Force and Loading Rate over a Long Series of Impacts

Perkins

Jamieson²,

Spratford

et al. 2019

WJET

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“…Thorough understanding of the mechanism by which the pneumatic glove exerts its protective effect could provide a basis for eventual enhancement of that effect. Our studies have shown that the pneumatic glove prolongs contact time with the target [1] [2] [3] [4] and the time from initial contact to occurrence of peak impact force [4]. Distribution of a given impact impulse over a longer time could be expected to reduce both average and peak force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pneumatic Boxing Gloves on Impact Kinematics and Their Relationship to Impact Forces

Perkins

Jamieson²,

Spratford

et al. 2019

WJET

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This study was aimed at improved understanding of the mechanisms of previously reported protective effects of a pneumatic boxing glove. A Motion Capture System was used to obtain velocity data from four different boxing gloves dropped on to a force plate from nine heights ranging from 1 to 5 metres. Two gloves were of the conventional type but differed in mass. The other two were prototype pneumatic gloves. One of these (SBLI) had a sealed bladder while the other (ARLI) incorporated a port allowing air exchange with the external environment. The pneumatic gloves decelerated more slowly than the conventional gloves following impact and compressed through a greater absolute distance. Consequently, they took longer to reach zero velocity. As drop height increased, these trends became more pronounced for the ARLI glove than the SBLI glove. Increase in velocity during rebound was also slower for the pneumatic gloves. The ARLI glove had a lower coefficient of restitution than any of the other gloves at low to moderate drop heights but not at high drop heights. The SBLI glove had a higher coefficient of restitution than the other gloves at all drop heights from 2 metres upwards. This indicated that, overall, the ARLI glove was the most effective, and the SBLI glove the least effective, in dissipating the kinetic energy of impact through conversion to other energy forms. For all gloves at all drop heights, peak positive acceleration at the beginning of rebound was of lower absolute magnitude than peak negative acceleration at the end of compression. The influence of drop height on an index characterising this relationship differed between the conventional and pneumatic gloves, possibly reflecting structural changes to gloves as impact energy increased. The conventional and pneumatic gloves How to cite this paper: Perkins, P., Jamieson, A., Spratford, W. and Hahn, A. 473World Journal of Engineering and Technology differed regarding temporal alignment between key kinematic and kinetic events, and there were some differences between the two pneumatic gloves in this respect. Nevertheless, peak glove deceleration correlated highly with peak impact force, not only for each glove individually but also when data for all gloves were combined. The findings confirmed the potential practical utility of the ARLI glove and identified air cushion thickness, glove compressibility and capacity for air release and subsequent reuptake as critical aspects of its design. 474 World Journal of Engineering and Technology perhaps importantly influenced by factors other than just contact time or one of its components, the time to peak force.During our early studies with the pneumatic gloves [1] [2], we measured glove velocities, primarily with a view to confirming that peak pre-impact velocities matched our theoretical calculations. In view of the above, we decided to undertake more detailed analysis of the velocity data obtained after glove contact with the force plate. We reasoned that this analysis might yield further insights into determinant...

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“…There are also many researches on the protection of boxing training sports injuries. Perkins et al (2018) studied boxing gloves that can adequately transmit the impact force to the opponent, thereby making boxing safer. Since there have been many cases of intracranial injuries caused by boxing in the United States in recent years, Wolfe et al (2021) evaluated the safety and effectiveness of protective equipment such as boxing helmets for concussions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Properties of graphene composite fiber seamless knitted fabric and its application in boxing training

Liu

2023

Front. Mater.

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In boxing, the wrong training methods can easily cause physical injury, so many sports protective clothing will use new materials to reduce the impact of boxing training. The aim of this paper is to design a boxing suit based on graphene composite fiber seamless knitted fabric, so as to reduce the injury of boxers during training. In this paper, the head yarn, inner yarn and knitting structure of graphene composite fiber seamless knitted fabrics are discussed, and nine kinds of fabrics are determined by orthogonal matrix method; then, a comprehensive evaluation of the wear resistance of fabrics was proposed based on sequence entropy weight technology, and the ideal solution similarity (TOPSIS) method was used to calculate the wear resistance; finally, this paper designed the boxing protective suit according to the best combination of performance. The experimental results in this paper showed that the veil of sample No. 7 is 70D/48F graphene nylon, the inner yarn is 30D graphene spandex/70D graphene nylon covered yarn, and the fabric with the knitted structure of 1 + 3 false rib has the best comprehensive performance and the highest relative proximity, reaching 0.862. The actual wearing test proves that the comfort of anti-impact boxing suit is slightly better than that of ordinary boxing suit. The clothing designed in this paper has good anti-impact effect. Therefore, on the whole, the boxing suit with graphene composite fiber seamless knitted fabric has good protective effect and can be used for boxing training.

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Iterative Design of Impact-Damping Gloves for Safer Boxing

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Pneumatic Boxing Glove Reduces Upward Drift in Peak Force and Loading Rate over a Long Series of Impacts

Pneumatic Boxing Glove Reduces Upward Drift in Peak Force and Loading Rate over a Long Series of Impacts

Effect of Pneumatic Boxing Gloves on Impact Kinematics and Their Relationship to Impact Forces

Properties of graphene composite fiber seamless knitted fabric and its application in boxing training

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