Iterative Error Detection and Correction of H.263 Coded Video for Wireless Networks

Abstract

Due to the use of variable length code (VLC), a single bit error in the discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based coded bit stream, such as H.263, may propagate up to the end of the group of blocks (GOBs) or slice. In this paper, we propose an iterative error detection and correction algorithm for the slice mode of the H.263 bit stream. The visibly erroneous macroblocks (MBs) in the decoded frames are detected by checking a set of error detection conditions derived from the redundant information (such as neighboring MBs and inner-DCT block similarity measure) inherent within the frame. In each slice, the part of the bit stream before the first erroneous MB is decoded in the conventional manner. The remaining part after this MB is redecoded iteratively, skipping one bit at a time until a decodable subbit stream is found. In case an MB is nondecodable, it is replaced with gray level. Once all the slices are checked, the frame is reconstructed and again checked for erroneous MBs. This process is repeated until the decoder detects no more corrupted MB. The proposed step-by-step decoding technique limits the error into a few MBs only, which can easily be concealed by any error concealment technique. The simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can recover the corrupted frames under the bit error rates up to 1% over binary symmetric channel (BSC), and improve the concealed picture quality by 4-6 dB over the conventional methods.Index Terms-Error concealment, error detection and correction, error resilience, H263+, noisy channels, video coding, video transmission, wireless network.

Adaptation–aware encryption of scalable H.264/AVC video for content security

“…Therefore, there is no known implication on any of the error resilience features available in the H.264 standard in random packet drop situations. Besides the random packet dropping, a sophisticated decoder may also be able to cope with random bit errors up to a certain extent [25]. With a stream cipher, flipping one bit in the encrypted input stream simply causes the corresponding bit in the decrypted output stream to be flipped.…”

“…Therefore, error detection and correction algorithms such as [25] become increasingly ineffective. However, the use of different modes of operation can expand or reduce the error propagation.…”

Resilient video coding using difference expansion and histogram modification

“…Error control strategies which exploit the redundancies present in compressed video was adopted in [6], [7], which managed to correct up to 70% of the corrupted MBs. The pixel-level artifact detection schemes proposed in [8], [9] manage to detect more than 95% of the corrupted MBs. However, these methods are based on heuristic thresholds and machine learning techniques, which are hard to configure in order to ensure optimal and generalized performances.…”

A New Method of Error Detection in SPIHT Coded Images

“…Error detection methods, the existing into grammar/semantic detection and correlation detection [2][3][4][5]. Most of the existing correlation detection algorithms have high complexity, which cause delayed longer interrupt decoder.…”