Itraconazole therapy for nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis: Clinical and laboratory observations

Antifungal Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Established and Emerging Indications

“…In contrast, the peak blood concentration at steady state following administration of the capsule formulation at the same dose of 200 mg every 12 h ranged from 0.297 to 1.609 g/ml, with a median value of 0.741 g/ml (17). Factors that have an impact on the absorption of itraconazole include gastric pH and food and are also specific to the formulation (17,48,71,72,81,93,96). The absorption from capsules is pH dependent and requires an acidic environment for optimal absorption.…”

“…Numerous itraconazole concentration-effect studies have been undertaken, and each one has demonstrated a strong link to drug efficacy (10,17,25,26,72,93). A similar relationship for toxicity has not been identified.…”

Activities of the triazole SCH 51048 against Coccidioides immitis in vitro and in vivo

“…In comparison, the fluconazole MICs and MFCs for the Silveira strain of C. immitis, the strain used in the in vivo model, have been reported to be 6.3 g/ml and Ͼ50 or Ͼ100 g/ml, respectively, by these methods (4,6). In another study performed by different methods, the MICs and MFCs of itraconazole for 53 isolates of C. immitis ranged from Ͻ0.018 to 5 g/ml and 0.018 to Ͼ10 g/ml, respectively (20). We have determined the itraconazole MIC and MFC to be 0.78 and 1.56 g/ml, respectively, for the Silveira strain of C. immitis.…”

Safety, Tolerance, and Efficacy of Posaconazole Therapy in Patients with Nonmeningeal Disseminated or Chronic Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis

“…Approximately one-half of these infections result in some symptoms [3]. Primary coccidioidomycosis is these drugs for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis [3,[7][8][9][10]. Unfortunately, no agent meets the criteria of an ideal antifungal for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis.…”