IV The Effects of Chloramphenicol upon the Electrical Activity of the Ear

Patterson, W. C.; Gulick, W. L.

doi:10.1177/000348946307200104

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As far as oxidative processes are concerned, Brown (1975) argues that because chloramphenicol produces suppression of cochlear respiratory enzyme activity (Koide, Hata & Hando, 1966) without substantial ototoxic effects in guinea pig and cat (e.g. Patterson & Gulick, 1963), it is unlikely that suppression of cochlear respiratory enzyme activity is the primary mechanism whereby ethacrynic acid (and by implication, furosemide) exerts ototoxic effects. Similar conclusions were drawn, by Thalmann, Thalmann, Ise & Paloheimo (1977) and Kusakari, Ise, Comegys, Thalmann & Thalmann (1978), from data with furosemide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of intracochlear and systemic furosemide on the properties of single cochlear nerve fibres in the cat

Evans

Klinke

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Tuning properties and spontaneous discharge rate of single cochlear fibres in the anaesthetized cat were determined during short-and long-term poisoning of the cochlea by locally and systemically applied furosemide.2. With intra-arterial administration offurosemide, short-term reversible elevation occurred of the low threshold sharply tuned 'tip' segment of the frequency threshold ('tuning') curve (f.t.c.) by up to 40 db, without substantial changes in the threshold of the low frequency 'tail' segment of the f.t.c. These changes could occur in part without changes in the spontaneous activity and entirely without changes in the maximal evoked activity. These effects were observed in all fibres examined, the characteristic frequencies of which ranged from 3-5 to 31 kHz.3. Intracochlear administration of furosemide in 0-9 mm concentrations produced similar changes, but these were not reversible.4. The changes correlated with the depression of the amplitude of the gross cochlear action potential. The cochlear microphonic potential, however, was either unchanged, or only slightly reduced.5. In long-term furosemide poisoning of the cochlea, fibres with anomalous response properties were found alongside fibres having normal tuning. The former exhibited either reduced excitability of the low threshold tip segment, or a tip segment attenuated in both excitability and threshold.6. It is concluded that the selective effects of furosemide on the tip segment of cochlear fibre f.t.c.s offer further evidence for a physiologically vulnerable 'second filter' in the cochlea. The selective influence of the furosemide on the low threshold tip segment provides support for the hypothesis that the normal f.t.c. is generated by two largely independent processes: one vulnerable, low threshold and sharply tuned, and the other less vulnerable, but high threshold and more broadly tuned.7. The findings, obtained with an agent known to produce reversible impairment of hearing in man, provide direct physiological evidence in support of the hypothesis that in sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin the frequency selectivity of cochlear nerve fibres is impaired.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of intracochlear and systemic furosemide on the properties of single cochlear nerve fibres in the cat

Evans

Klinke

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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“…[15] While ototoxic effects were observed for Burow's solution (aluminum acetate of approximately 13% with a pH of 3.7), ear drops containing acetic acid and boric acid solutions prepared with 70% alcohol, they were not observed for boric acid solutions prepared with distilled water. [12,16,17] In addition, although ototoxic effects were observed during the topical application of antibiotics such as aminoglycosids, [18] chloramphenicol, [19] polymyxin B, [20] vancomycin, [21] and daptomycine, [22] they were not observed for the topical application of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, [23] ofloxacin, [24] mupirocine, [21] and vasocidine. [25] The first local application of rifamycin SV, the target agent of this study, was conducted in lung caverns; several subsequent studies have shown its topical use on both animals and wounds that occurred due to human surgery and trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ototoxic effect of topical rifamycin SV applied in the middle ear of rats

Özbay¹,

Şahin²

2017

Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg

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Objectives:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ototoxic effect of topical rifamycin SV in the middle ear in a rat model. Materials and Methods:A total of 24 20-week-old adult female and eight 4-6-week-old weaned (young, post-suckling period) Wistar albino rats were used. Adult rats were separated into four groups: Group 1 (adult rifamycin), group 2 (weaner rifamycin), group 3 (gentamicin; positive control), and group 4 (saline; negative control). Before medication administration, an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test was performed on each animal under general anesthesia. Tympanic membranes of the animals were perforated, and the medications were administered to the middle ear for 10 days. Three weeks after treatment, ABR tests were repeated and pre-and posttreatment ABR threshold measurements were compared. Results:Although the mean pre-and post-treatment ABR threshold values did not significantly differ among groups 1, 2, and 4 (p>0.05), the mean post-treatment ABR threshold values were significantly higher in group 3 compared to baseline (p<0.05). Conclusion:Based on ABR measurements, the topical use of rifamycin SV, a broad-spectrum semi-synthetic antibiotic in the middle ear, does not cause hearing loss in adult or weaner rats.Keywords: Auditory brainstem response; inner ear; ototoxicity; rifamycin SV. ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışmada bir sıçan modelinde topikal rifamisin SV'nin orta kulakta ototoksik etkisi araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Toplamda 24 adet, 20 haftalık erişkin dişi ve sekiz adet 4-6 haftalık (sütten kesilmiş yavru) Wistar albino sıçan kullanıldı. Erişkin sıçanlar dört gruba ayrıldı; Grup 1 (erişkin rifamisin), grup 2 (yavru rifamisin), grup 3 (gentamisin; pozitif kontrol), grup 4 (salin, negatif kontrol). İlaç uygulaması öncesinde her sıçana genel anestezi altında işitsel beyinsapı yanıtı (ABR) testi uygulandı. Hayvanların timpan membranları perfore edilerek, orta kulağa 10 gün boyunca ilaçlar uygulandı. Tedaviden üç hafta sonra ABR testleri tekrar edildi ve tedavi öncesi ve sonrası ABR eşik ölçümleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular:Tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası ortalama ABR eşik değerleri grup 1, grup 2 ve grup 4'te istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermez iken (p>0.05), grup 3'te tedavi sonrası ortalama ABR eşik değerleri, başlangıca kıyasla, anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksekti (p<0.05).Sonuç: İşitsel beyinsapı yanıtı ölçümlerine dayanarak, geniş spektrumlu yarı sentetik bir antibiyotik olan rifamisin SV'nin orta kulakta topikal kullanımı, erişkin veya yavru sıçanlarda işitme kaybına neden olmamaktadır.Anahtar Sözcükler: İşitsel beyinsapı yanıtı; iç kulak; ototoksisite; rifamisin SV.

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“…1. Patterson and Gulick 19 evaluated the shortterm effects of chloramphenicol in 8 guinea pigs. Chloramphenicol (12 mg) on a Gelfoam-soaked sponge was placed into the round window niche and allowed to remain in contact with the round window membrane for 30 minutes.…”

Section: Appendix Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%