Ivermectin depuration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Confirmation of avermectin residues in food matrices with negative-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

“…For the larger avermectins (IVR, DOR, EPR) characteristic fragments ions corresponding to the loss of water or the loss of sugar moieties from the base peak, and a retro-Diels-Alder fragment ion described earlier, 10 are also present in low abundance. Moxidectin shows fragment ions corresponding to loss of one or two water molecules or loss of 44 Da (most likely CO 2 …”

“…IVR is approved in the United States for use in several animal species, including nonlactating cattle. It is also an effective treatment for sea lice infection in salmon, 2,3 although IVR is not approved for use in the United States for this application. DOR and MOX are approved for use in beef cattle and non-lactating dairy cows.…”

Review of methodology for the determination of macrocyclic lactone residues in biological matrices

“…Roth et al investigated the depletion of ivermectin residues in salmon tissue [60]. Ivermectin was administered to salmon in medicated feed at a rate of 50 g/kg bw per day once a week for 9 weeks.…”

“…A number of methods have been developed for determination of individual ML residues in milk [88][89][90][91], salmon [60,[92][93][94] animal tissue [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107], crops [108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116] and animal feed [117][118][119]. More recently, multi-residue methods, capable of determining two or more residues, have been reported [120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134].…”

“…Ivermectin was extracted from pig tissues using acetonitrile and the extracts were purified on C 8 SPE. The method was subsequently applied by two groups to determine ivermectin residues in salmon tissue [60,92]. Dusi [103].…”