Ivermectin environmental impact: Excretion profile in sheep and phytotoxic effect in Sinapis alba

Vokřál, Ivan; Šadibolová, Michaela; Podlipná, Radka; Lamka, J.; Prchal, Lukáš; Dominika, Sobotová; Lokvencová, Kateřina; Szotáková, Barbora; Skálová, Lenka

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.097

“…This phenomenon might be caused by the biocondensation of IVM from the water and sediment to the main organisms in the system. It was different from the one peak found in terrestrial animals (Vokřál et al, 2019). So far, there have been no reports on the occurrence of secondary accumulation peaks in organisms caused by long-term residues in aquaculture environments.…”

Section: Distribution Of Ivm In Organismscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Peer Review #1 of "Environmental fate of the anti-parasitic ivermectin in an aquatic micro-ecological system after a single oral administration (v0.1)"

2019

0

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Background. Ivermectin (IVM) has been widely used in the aquaculture industry since its efficacy against parasites. However, the degradation of IVM was very slow in aquatic environments and the environmental fate of IVM in a complete aquatic system was still not clear. Therefore, comparable studies in a complete aquatic system were merited and helped to elucidate the environmental fate and effects of IVM. Methods. An aquatic micro-ecological system containing an aquatic environment (water and sediment) and aquatic organisms (invertebrates, aquatic plants and fish) was built to simulate the natural rearing conditions. A single dose of 0.3 mg•kg-1 body weight of IVM was given to the fish by oral gavage. Water, sediment, the roots and leaves of the aquatic plants, the soft tissue of the invertebrates and the visceral mass and muscle of fish samples were collected at 0.5 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days and 70 days after the treatment. IVM concentration in each sample was determined using ELISA method. Results. IVM was quickly and widely distributed into the whole aquatic system in one day, and then was highly accumulated in organisms resulting in long-term residues. IVM was exchanged multiple times between the different media, which caused continuous fluctuations in the concentration of IVM in the water and sediment. It was worth noting that there was a second peak value of IVM in the fish and invertebrates after 30 days. The environmental fate of the IVM in the aquatic micro-ecological system showed that the drug was transferred from the fish to aquatic plants in the first seven days, and then gathered in the water and sediment, finally accumulating in the invertebrates. Our results indicated that an effective aquatic micro-ecological system was successfully established, and it could be applied to the study the environmental fate of IVM, which will aid the scientific use of this anti-parasitic agent during aquaculture.

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“…This phenomenon might be caused by 258 the biocondensation of IVM from the water and sediment to the main organisms in the system. It 259 was different from the one peak found in terrestrial animals (Vokřál et al, 2019). So far, there 260 have been no reports on the occurrence of secondary accumulation peaks in organisms caused by 261 long-term residues in aquaculture environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Peer Review #2 of "Environmental fate of the anti-parasitic ivermectin in an aquatic micro-ecological system after a single oral administration (v0.1)"

2019

0

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Background. Ivermectin (IVM) has been widely used in the aquaculture industry since its efficacy against parasites. However, the degradation of IVM was very slow in aquatic environments and the environmental fate of IVM in a complete aquatic system was still not clear. Therefore, comparable studies in a complete aquatic system were merited and helped to elucidate the environmental fate and effects of IVM.Methods. An aquatic micro-ecological system containing an aquatic environment (water and sediment) and aquatic organisms (invertebrates, aquatic plants and fish) was built to simulate the natural rearing conditions. A single dose of 0.3 mg·kg-1 body weight of IVM was given to the fish by oral gavage. Water, sediment, the roots and leaves of the aquatic plants, the soft tissue of the invertebrates and the visceral mass and muscle of fish samples were collected at 0.5 hours, 1 day, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days and 70 days after the treatment. IVM concentration in each sample was determined using ELISA method.Results. IVM was quickly and widely distributed into the whole aquatic system in one day, and then was highly accumulated in organisms resulting in long-term residues. IVM was exchanged multiple times between the different media, which caused continuous fluctuations in the concentration of IVM in the water and sediment. It was worth noting that there was a second peak value of IVM in the fish and invertebrates after 30 days. The environmental fate of the IVM in the aquatic micro-ecological system showed that the drug was transferred from the fish to aquatic plants in the first seven days, and then gathered in the water and sediment, finally accumulating in the invertebrates. Our results indicated that an effective aquatic micro-ecological system was successfully established, and it could be applied to the study the environmental fate of IVM, which will aid the scientific use of this anti-parasitic agent during aquaculture. Abstract 18 Background. Ivermectin (IVM) has been widely used in the aquaculture industry since its 19 efficacy against parasites. However, the degradation of IVM was very slow in aquatic 20 environments and the environmental fate of IVM in a complete aquatic system was still not clear. 21 Therefore, comparable studies in a complete aquatic system were merited and helped to elucidate 22 the environmental fate and effects of IVM. 23 Methods. An aquatic micro-ecological system containing an aquatic environment (water and 24 sediment) and aquatic organisms (invertebrates, aquatic plants and fish) was built to simulate the 25 natural rearing conditions. A single dose of 0.3 mg·kg-1 body weight of IVM was given to the 26 fish by oral gavage. Water, sediment, the roots and leaves of the aquatic plants, the soft tissue of 27 the invertebrates and the visceral mass and muscle of fish samples were collected at 0.5 hours, 1 28 day, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days and 70 days after the treatment. IVM 29 concentration in each sample was determined using ELISA method. 30 Results. ...

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“…Confirming this, there are reports of the reduced efficacy of some recently commercialized anthelmintics, such as monepantel or derquantel against the GIS species Haemonchus contortus [6]. Therefore, to date, many anthelmintics prove to be inefficacious, as well as polluting [7]. Another important issue linked to the use of synthetic drugs is that their residues can be found in products of animal origin, such as meat and milk [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins from Medicago spp. Against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

Maestrini

¹

,

Tava²,

Mancini

³

et al. 2020

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Gastrointestinal strongyle nematodes (GIS) are included among the most important parasites of small ruminants. The widespread drug resistance and drug residues in products of animal origin have increased the interest in the search for natural compounds with anthelmintic activity as a valid alternative to current synthetic drugs. The aim of the present investigation was to test the ‘in vitro’ anthelmintic activity of saponins and prosapogenins from different Medicago species, selected for their importance as a forage crop worldwide for animal feeding. From these plants, saponin mixtures were extracted, purified and used at scalar concentrations to evaluate their anthelmintic activities against sheep gastrointestinal strongyles (GISs), by the egg hatch test. Treated and untreated controls were used as the comparison. Data were statistically analyzed, and EC50 and EC90 were also calculated. All saponins and prosapogenins showed inhibiting effects on GIS eggs in a concentration-dependent manner. At higher concentrations, most of them showed an efficacy comparable to the reference drug (Thiabendazole 3 µg/mL) (P < 0.001). With 1.72 mg/mL EC50 and 3.84 mg/mL EC90, saponin from M. polymorpha cultivars Anglona was the most active. Obtained results encourage further studies aimed at evaluating the efficacy ‘in vivo’ of saponins which resulted as most effective ‘in vitro’ in this study.

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Ivermectin environmental impact: Excretion profile in sheep and phytotoxic effect in Sinapis alba

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Environmental fate of the anti-parasitic ivermectin in an aquatic micro-ecological system after a single oral administration (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Environmental fate of the anti-parasitic ivermectin in an aquatic micro-ecological system after a single oral administration (v0.1)"

Peer Review #2 of "Environmental fate of the anti-parasitic ivermectin in an aquatic micro-ecological system after a single oral administration (v0.1)"

In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins from Medicago spp. Against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

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