Ixodid Ticks (Arachnida: Acari) Prevalence Associated with Risk Factors in the Bovine Host in District Quetta, Baluchistan

Rafiq, Nosheen; Kakar, Akshay; Ghani, Arshad; Iqbal, Asim; Achakzai, Wali Mohammad; Sadozai, Shagufta; Shafiq, M.; Mengal, Mohammad Alam

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.6.2113.2121

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite the above, few studies have been conducted and published on people's knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding tick and TBDs, with even fewer from Pakistan, where TBDs are causing devastating economic losses [50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. With this in mind, the current study was designed to evaluate livestock owner's knowledge, attitude, and practices towards ticks in Punjab, Pakistan, to assess the awareness about ticks and TBDs, zoonotic concerns, and need for a One Health approach towards tick control in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Survey Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases among Livestock Owners in Punjab, Pakistan: A One Health Context

Hussain

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Recent global changes have led to an increase in the spread of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) affecting domestic ruminants and humans, with an annual loss of US $13.9–$18.7 billion. The current study determined the perception and practices of livestock farmers regarding tick infestation. A total of 112 livestock farms were surveyed in Punjab, Pakistan, among which animals from 42 (37.5%) farms were infested with ticks. Only 28.6% (n = 32) of the dairy farmers were consulting veterinarians for ticks control, while 86.7% (n = 97) of the respondents did not consider biosecurity measures in the control of tick transmission. Most of the respondents, 71.4% (n = 80), did not consider manual tick removal from their animals (i.e., by hand, followed by physically crushing) as a risky practice for spreading zoonotic diseases. Improper disposal of bottles of acaricides in the farm drainage was also observed, putting the environment and aquatic life at risk. These wrong practices may contribute to high disease burdens and economic losses, increasing the possibility of transmission of zoonotic TBDs and pollution of the environment. Therefore, an integrated One Health approach is required for the control of TBDs through environmentally friendly approaches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Survey Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases among Livestock Owners in Punjab, Pakistan: A One Health Context

Hussain

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…Studies have confirmed the delayed tick activity with an increase in altitude and decrease in temperature (Daniel et al, 2003). During past decades due to global warming, a higher tick infestation is reported at higher altitudes further elaborating the relationship between tick prevalence and temperature (Gray et al, 2009;Gilbert, 2010;Rafiq et al, 2017). Endemicity of the tick infestation might be due to the geographical changes and/or climatic conditions of the different study areas making acari able to maintain their survival where these were not prevalent earlier (Wikel, 2018).…”

Section: Ecological Impact On the Ticks And Tick-borne Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Epizootiology and associated risk factors of tick fauna infecting domestic livestock population in district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

Maqbool

Sajid²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2022

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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The current study was aimed to corelates the association of different risk factors with tick infestation rate in livestock (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat) population of district Faisalabad. Ticks were collected through the standard collection protocols, were identified under stereomicroscope. Overall, 54%, 50%, 50% and 49 % tick infestation rate reported from livestock species (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat) and higher prevalence was observed in tehsil Tandlianwala (72%, 65%, 70% and 57%). Among intrinsic factors (age and sex) higher prevalence was reported in young (7-12 months) and female animals. Significant association (P<0.05) was observed with season and tick prevalence and higher prevalence was reported in summer season. Statistically significant association (P<0.05) was observed among extrinsic factors including feeding system, (higher infestation was reported in grazing animals), housing system (higher rate was recorded in free-housed animals), type of farming (higher rate in free-ranged animals), farm structure (higher infestation rate among animals kept on uncemented floor) and hygienic measures (higher prevalence in poorly hygiene animals). Most prevalent tick species were H. anatolicum, (85%), H. marginatum (1.5%), H. turncatum (1.02%) and R. microplus (12%). These findings will be helpful in devising services for tick infestation control in selected area and other regions having similar husbandry system.

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“…Of all the examined cattle, 77.91% were found to be infested with ticks ( 55 ). In Baluchistan province (Quetta city) prevalence was 65.96% in the cattle ( 56 ). Of the total observed farmed cattle in a study from 2017, 89.9% were infested with ticks in the semiarid and arid agro-ecological zones from Punjab ( 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, and Mites) in the Livestock of Pakistan: A Review

et al. 2021

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Ectoparasites, including lice, ticks, and mites, inhabit the host skin and depend on their host for sustenance, maturation, and multiplication. Among these, ticks are more prevalent in various regions of Pakistan because of favorable climatic conditions, lack of awareness of livestock keepers' regarding ectoparasite infestation rate, insufficient veterinary services, and inadequate control measures. Ectoparasitic infestation is a primary threat to cost-effective livestock production by damaging skin and transmitting multiple diseases between animals. This review aimed to determine the infestation rates of various ectoparasites in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels, equids and to ascertain the prevalence and epidemiology of ectoparasites in different regions of Pakistan. This review could be useful in devising prevention and control strategies and identifying the risk factors associated with ectoparasites to enhance animal productivity. It provides directions for veterinary schools, researchers, and organizations aiming to collaborate with neighboring countries to eradicate these parasites. Future studies could support working veterinarians and administrators and contribute to human well-being.

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Ixodid Ticks (Arachnida: Acari) Prevalence Associated with Risk Factors in the Bovine Host in District Quetta, Baluchistan

Abstract: Authors' Contribution NR and AK conceived and designed the study. AG, WMA, SS, MAM and MS collected data. NR, AK and WMA analyzed the data. AK wrote the article.

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

An Epidemiological Survey Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases among Livestock Owners in Punjab, Pakistan: A One Health Context

An Epidemiological Survey Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases among Livestock Owners in Punjab, Pakistan: A One Health Context

Epizootiology and associated risk factors of tick fauna infecting domestic livestock population in district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

Epidemiology of Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, and Mites) in the Livestock of Pakistan: A Review

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