2021
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90871-7
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Ixodiphagus hookeri wasps (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in two sympatric tick species Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis concinna (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in the Slovak Karst (Slovakia): ecological and biological considerations

Abstract: Ixodiphagus endoparasitoid wasps are natural tick enemies that can reduce their abundance. In this study, we investigated the presence of Ixodiphagus hookeri in Haemaphysalis concinna and Ixodes ricinus ticks in the Slovak Karst (southern Slovakia) and analysed the ecological and physiological relationships in the parasitoid-host system. Unfed H. concinna and I. ricinus nymphs harvested from vegetation were fed on rabbits. The engorged specimens were kept at 25 °C and 75% RH until the emergence of the adult wa… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…I. hookeri has previously been identified at three locations within Slovakia; near Šoporña, associated to Haemaphysalis concinna , 41 close to the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava, in I. ricinus 42,43 and in the Slovak Karst, isolated from both Ixodes ricinus and H. concinna . 40 According to our hypothesis, the western Hungarian cluster of sampling point b,c,d and g (Sárvár, Mosonmagyaróvár, Sáska, and Pénzesgyőr, respectively) may be associated to the wasp populations described by Bratislava 42,43 and by Šoporña 41 in Slovakia. Even though, several geopositions, including sampling point m, p, q, r and s (Nagy-Hideg-Hegy, Kékes, Lillafüred, Aggtelek and Háromhuta respectively) lay relatively close to the Hungarian-Slovakian border, and sampling point r is situated only few kilometers away from the I. hookeri associated Slovak Karst, 40 no tick metagenomes contained read sets aligning to the I. hookeri reference 28S ribosomal RNA gene at these sampling points.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…I. hookeri has previously been identified at three locations within Slovakia; near Šoporña, associated to Haemaphysalis concinna , 41 close to the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava, in I. ricinus 42,43 and in the Slovak Karst, isolated from both Ixodes ricinus and H. concinna . 40 According to our hypothesis, the western Hungarian cluster of sampling point b,c,d and g (Sárvár, Mosonmagyaróvár, Sáska, and Pénzesgyőr, respectively) may be associated to the wasp populations described by Bratislava 42,43 and by Šoporña 41 in Slovakia. Even though, several geopositions, including sampling point m, p, q, r and s (Nagy-Hideg-Hegy, Kékes, Lillafüred, Aggtelek and Háromhuta respectively) lay relatively close to the Hungarian-Slovakian border, and sampling point r is situated only few kilometers away from the I. hookeri associated Slovak Karst, 40 no tick metagenomes contained read sets aligning to the I. hookeri reference 28S ribosomal RNA gene at these sampling points.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…40 According to our hypothesis, the western Hungarian cluster of sampling point b,c,d and g (Sárvár, Mosonmagyaróvár, Sáska, and Pénzesgyőr, respectively) may be associated to the wasp populations described by Bratislava 42,43 and by Šoporña 41 in Slovakia. Even though, several geopositions, including sampling point m, p, q, r and s (Nagy-Hideg-Hegy, Kékes, Lillafüred, Aggtelek and Háromhuta respectively) lay relatively close to the Hungarian-Slovakian border, and sampling point r is situated only few kilometers away from the I. hookeri associated Slovak Karst, 40 no tick metagenomes contained read sets aligning to the I. hookeri reference 28S ribosomal RNA gene at these sampling points. Shifting slightly to the east, sampling point n (Budapest) represented the closest occurrence of the wasps to Slovakia.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
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“…The findings that no reads deriving from I. hookeri were detected in adult I. ricinus samples collected between the end of March and the middle of May, while nymphs were associated with this species, promote former theories of the life cycle of the parasitoid wasps 23 , 24 . I. hookeri eggs may have been laid in the larvae or in nymphs before winter or, less probably, during spring, as the wasps were formerly associated with the possibility of surviving winter conditions 40 , 41 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While the presence of I. hookeri has not been published in Austria; to our best knowledge, Slovakian reports of the occurrence of the wasps exist. I. hookeri has previously been identified at three locations within Slovakia; near Šoporña, associated to Haemaphysalis concinna 42 , close to the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava, in I. ricinus 43 , 44 and in the Slovak Karst, isolated from both I. ricinus and H. concinna 41 . According to our hypothesis, the western Hungarian cluster of sampling points b, c, d, and g (Sárvár, Mosonmagyaróvár, Sáska, and Pénzesgyőr, respectively) may be associated with˝ the wasp populations described by Bratislava 43 , 44 and by Šoporña 42 in Slovakia.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%