J. S. Mill and J. E. Cairnes

O’Brien, George

doi:10.2307/2549829

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Cerebrosides and sulphatides are essentially constituents of white matter [29], but only about 40°/, of brain sphingomyelin is in white matter [32]. I n conclusion, there is a good correlation between the considerable decrease in long chain fatty acids and the qualitative abnormalities detected in long chain fatty acid containing sphingolipids.…”

Section: Thin Layer Chromatography Of Brain Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Sphingomyelin, cerebrosides and sulphatides, arc the only complex lipids to contain large amounts of long chain fatty acids of 24 carbon atoms [29,31]; this explains why the modifications of these compounds were the only ones to be detected by thin layer chromatography. Proof has been obtained by analysing the fatty acid methyl esters of pure cerebrosides and sphingoniyelin as isolated by column chromatography [34] : "Quaking" cerebrosides contain only minute amounts of long chain fatty acids; the decrease in long chain fatty acids of sphingomyelin detected by gas chromatography is in agreement with the disappearance of the upper band in thin layer chromatograms [34] ; a direct proof for the sulphatides has not yet been obtained.…”

Section: Thin Layer Chromatography Of Brain Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two main systems of fatty acid biosynthesis: the de novo synthesis from acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA, and the chain lengthening of fatty acyl CoA derivatives of intermediate chain length with acetyl CoA to form long chain fatty acids [35]; the incorporations of the radioactive precursors in vivo have shown that 24:O fatty acid could be formed from 18:0, 20:O and 22:O fatty acid [29]. The chain lengthening system is particularly active in brain during myelination [29,36].…”

Section: Thin Layer Chromatography Of Brain Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Acid and Lipid Composition of the Brain of a Myelin Deficient Mutant, the "Quaking" Mouse

et al. 1968

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The "Quaking" mouse is a recessive autosomal mutant characterized by a deficient myelination of the central nervous system.The disease is recognized at about the twelfth day after birth and reaches its full expression by about three weeks. The animal has an unsteady gait and a marked tremor of the hind quarters; epileptic fits are induced by sensory stimulations a t the adult age. This mutation apparently involves the process of myelin formation; there is no evidence of destruction. The analysis of brain fatty acids and lipids was undertaken to find out if the inyelin deficiency involves an inborn error in the metabolism of one of its major constituents. "Quaking" males aged from seven to ten weeks were compared to apparently normal litter-mates. At this stage, myelination is achieved. Brain lipids are diminished, especially galactolipids. Qualitative modifications of cerebrosides, sphingomyelin and sulphatides have been detected by mono and two dimensional thin layer chromatography. The proportion of long chain fatty acids (especially CZ4) is greatly diminished, as shown by gas chromatography. This is true for both cerebrosides and sphingomyelin.I n conclusion, the long chain fatty acids of galactolipids and sphingomyelin are considerably diminished in the "Quaking" mouse. Whether it is a cause or a consequence of myelination deficiency remains to be proved, although the importance of the alteration is in favour of the first hypothesis.Sidman et al. [I] were the first to describe the recessive and autosomal "Quaking" mutation observed in 1961 at the Jackson Laboratory[2] in strain DBA of the black mouse. It is characterized by an impairment in myelin formation of the central nervous system.The disease is recognized at about the twelfth day after birth and reaches its full expression by about three weeks. The animal has an unsteady gait and a marked tremor of the hind quarters; epileptic fits are induced by sensory stimulations at the adult age.The entire central nervous system is considerably deficient in myelin [l]; however, some fragments of myelin are present in almost all tracts. There is no evidence of destruction, no globoid cells, no metachromatic lipids and no inflammation ; the neurons, the axons, the glial cells appear normal, as well as myelin of the peripheral nervous system.Non-Standard Abbreviations. Fatty acids are identified by the carbon number and number of double bonds (18:O = stearic acid); h indicates the presence of a 2-hydroxy group.

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Section: Thin Layer Chromatography Of Brain Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Thin Layer Chromatography Of Brain Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Layer Chromatography Of Brain Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Acid and Lipid Composition of the Brain of a Myelin Deficient Mutant, the "Quaking" Mouse

et al. 1968

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“…The half-life of brain lecithin is summarized in Table 1 together with the lipid composition of rat and human brain ( 11,(14)(15)(16)17). The only two choline-containing species of brain, listed in Table 1, for which the N-CH3 signal can be detected by present N M R techniques are lecithin and sphingomyelin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo¹³c nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of choline metabolism in rabbit brain

Tunggal

Hofmann

Stoffel

1990

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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The metabolism of choline in rabbit brain was studied by the noninvasive approach of in vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy. 13C-Enriched precursors were introduced into the brain. Surgery of the head skin was avoided through controlled localization of the surface coil. For long-term accumulation studies in brain, repeated subcutaneous injections proved to be advantageous over other forms of application. The resorption kinetics was calculated to be zero order which suggests slow delivery from the subcutaneous depots. Choline metabolism was studied by two approaches: [N-13CH3]choline and S-[13CH3]methionine were administered separately to adult and myelinating rabbits (Days 5 to 32), respectively, over 4 weeks. [N-13CH3]Choline and the 13CH3 group of methionine were incorporated into lecithin and sphingomyelin of brain myelin. In vivo kinetic studies of the turnover of these labeled structures were carried out. Choline and methionine are readily transported through the blood-brain barrier and utilized by the myelinating brain for the biosynthesis of its phospholipids.

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“…Polyade~lylic acid (27) 10.5 9-Ethyladenine-1-inethyluracil complex (31) 7.5 9-Ethylg~lanine-1-methylcytosine complex (34) 10.55 9-Methyladenine-1-methylthymine complex (22) 5 . 6 5 \\'atson-Criclc illode1 11.1…”

Section: Base -1 Acid Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protonated Carbonyl Groups: Viii. Alkyluracil Salts

Cook¹

1966

Can. J. Chem.

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With 1,3-dimethyluracil and 1,3,6-trimethyluracil as models for nucleic acid bases, it was found by infrared spectroscopic methods that the site of protonation is a carbonyl group. Analysis of other evidence makes it lilcely that it is the carbonyl group in position 4. In 1,3,6-trimethyluracil salts, activation of the 5 position under acid conditions permits ready hydrogen-deuterium exchange.Some anomalous 2 base -1 acid salts with complex acids are considered in the light of basc pairing errors in nucleic acids.

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J. S. Mill and J. E. Cairnes

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Fatty Acid and Lipid Composition of the Brain of a Myelin Deficient Mutant, the "Quaking" Mouse

Fatty Acid and Lipid Composition of the Brain of a Myelin Deficient Mutant, the "Quaking" Mouse

In vivo¹³c nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of choline metabolism in rabbit brain

Protonated Carbonyl Groups: Viii. Alkyluracil Salts

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J. S. Mill and J. E. Cairnes

Cited by 43 publications

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Fatty Acid and Lipid Composition of the Brain of a Myelin Deficient Mutant, the "Quaking" Mouse

Fatty Acid and Lipid Composition of the Brain of a Myelin Deficient Mutant, the "Quaking" Mouse

In vivo13c nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of choline metabolism in rabbit brain

Protonated Carbonyl Groups: Viii. Alkyluracil Salts

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In vivo¹³c nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of choline metabolism in rabbit brain