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AbstractFragmentation is a keyword in the history of critical urban thought. Yet the products of fragmentation -the fragments themselves -tend to receive less attention. In this paper, Idevelop a politics of urban fragments as a contribution to debates both in urban theory and in urban poverty and inequality. I examine inadequate and broken material fragments on the economic margins of the urban global South, and ask how they become differently politicized in cities. I develop a three-fold framework for understanding the politics of fragments:attending to, generative translation, and surveying wholes. I build these arguments through a focus on a fundamental provision -urban sanitation -drawing on research in Mumbai in particular, as well as Cape Town, and connecting those instances to research on urban poverty, politics, and fragmentation.2