James S. Baumlin Responds

Baumlin, James S.

doi:10.2307/378917

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The water content of lignin was determined by weight difference after 24 h at 373 K. The batch pyrolysis experiment was conducted in a lab-scale device (Figure 1). [42] It consists of a steel tubular reactor for pyrolysis coupled to a fixed-bed reactor for direct catalytic hydrotreat-ment of pyrolysis products. The design is suited for good control of the pyrolysis and catalytic conditions and to reduce the cold zone in the transfer lines from pyrolysis to product sampling.…”

Section: Pyrolysis and Gas-phase Catalysis Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic Chemicals by Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrotreatment of Lignin Pyrolysis Vapor

Olcese¹,

Lardier²,

Bettahar³

et al. 2013

ChemSusChem

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Lignin is a potential renewable material for the production of bio-sourced aromatic chemicals. We present the first hydrotreatment of lignin pyrolysis vapors, before any condensation, using inexpensive and sustainable iron-silica (Fe/SiO2 ) and iron-activated carbon (Fe/AC) catalysts. Lignin pyrolysis was conducted in a tubular reactor and vapors were injected in a fixed bed of catalysts (673 K, 1 bar) with stacks to investigate the profile of coke deposit. More than 170 GC-analyzable compounds were identified by GCxGC (heart cutting)/flame ionization detector mass spectrometry. Lignin oligomers were analyzed by very high resolution mass spectrometry, called the "petroleomic" method. They are trapped by the catalytic fixed bed and, in particular, by the AC. The catalysts showed a good selectivity for the hydrodeoxygenation of real lignin vapors to benzene, toluene, xylenes, phenol, cresols, and alkyl phenols. The spent catalysts were characterized by temperature-programmed oxidation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 sorption. Micropores in the Fe/AC catalyst are completely plugged by coke deposits, whereas the mesoporous structure of Fe/SiO2 is unaffected. TEM images reveal two different types of coke deposit: 1) catalytic coke deposited in the vicinity of iron particles and 2) thermal coke (carbonaceous particles ≈1 μm in diameter) formed from the gas-phase growth of lignin oligomers.

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Section: Pyrolysis and Gas-phase Catalysis Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic Chemicals by Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrotreatment of Lignin Pyrolysis Vapor

Olcese¹,

Lardier²,

Bettahar³

et al. 2013

ChemSusChem

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“…29 In seinem Vortrag auf der Staatsrechtslehrertagung 1970 hat Bäumlin für den Bereich der Gewissensfreiheit vorgeführt, wie man diese Technik der »praktischen Konkordanz« als funktionales Äquivalent zum »besonderen Gewaltverhältnis« 30 operationalisieren kann. »Es gibt«, so Bäumlin, »keine unbedingte Vorordnung der Grundrechte im Verhältnis zu den Gemeinschaftsaufgaben.« 31 Das ermöglicht es, »zwischen den einzelnen Momenten der Verfassung, namentlich dem Grundrechtsteil einerseits und den verfassungsrechtlich angeordneten oder vorausgesetzten staatlichen Gemeinschaftsaufgaben wie Schule, Militär, öffentliche Verwaltung andrerseits, optimale praktische Konkordanz herzustellen.« 32…”

Section: Grundrechte Als Interventionstitel?unclassified

Kritik der praktischen Konkordanz

Fischer-Lescano¹

2008

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James S. Baumlin Responds

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Aromatic Chemicals by Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrotreatment of Lignin Pyrolysis Vapor

Aromatic Chemicals by Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrotreatment of Lignin Pyrolysis Vapor

Kritik der praktischen Konkordanz

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