Jamming during the discharge of granular matter from a silo

Zuriguel, Iker; Garcimartín, Ángel; Maza, Diego; Pugnaloni, Luis A.; Pastor, José Martín

doi:10.1103/physreve.71.051303

Cited by 264 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been shown that for big sizes of the outlet orifice the outpouring is almost continuous, while for a small orifice jamming events can occur. The border between the two regimes is sharply defined at R c ≈ 5, where R is the ratio between the diameter of the outlet orifice and the diameter of the beads [14]. For R > R c , the flow can be measured just by dividing the number of fallen beads by the time elapsed.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Silomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The flow rate of granular materials through an orifice

et al. 2007

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The flow rate of grains through large orifices is known to be dependent on its diameter to a 5/2 power law. This relationship has been checked for big outlet sizes, whereas an empirical fitting parameter is needed to reproduce the behavior for small openings. In this work, we provide experimental data and numerical simulations covering a wide span of outlet sizes, both in three-and two-dimensions. This allows us to show that the laws that are usually employed are satisfactory only if a small range of openings is considered. We propose a new law for the mass flow rate of grains that correctly reproduces the data for all the orifice sizes, including the behaviors for very large and very small outlet sizes.

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Section: Three-dimensional Silomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental setup for the three-dimensional silo was described in detail in a former article [14]. It consists of an All the beads are spherical scaled, automated cylindrical container with an orifice in the base.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Silomentioning

confidence: 99%

The flow rate of granular materials through an orifice

et al. 2007

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“…Familiar examples of clogging appear in crowd stampedes [9,10], fluid-driven particle flows [11,12], and granular materials. In this later case, abundant research has been carried out covering 2D [13,14] and 3D [15,16] silos, inclined outpouring [17,18], silos with an obstacle above the outlet [19], anisometric (wedge) hoppers [20], and piles discharged through an orifice at their bottom [21]. In all these systems clogging arches withstand the weight of the particles above them just as architectural arches do.…”

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confidence: 99%

Force analysis of clogging arches in a silo

et al. 2013

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In this work, we examine a quasi-2D silo that clogs due to the spontaneous formation of stable arches. We validate a numerical scheme comparing the morphology of clogging arches with previous experimental findings. Additionally, we inspect the forces that act on particles, both on those in the bulk of the silo as well as those belonging to the arches formed above the outlet. In the silo, we have found that normal forces are higher close to the wall, in contrast to the central part of the silo, where normal forces are notably lower. Besides, it is revealed that normal forces on particles belonging to the clogging arches are significantly larger than in their surroundings. In a particle of the arch, the magnitude of the force strongly depends on the angle subtended from its center to the contact points with its two neighbors in the arch. Indeed, for angles exceeding 180 • , the larger the angle, the lower the normal force and the higher the tangential one. On the contrary, for smaller angles the behavior is reversed, so the normal forces increase with the angle. Finally, we present a comparison of the normal and tangential force distributions for the particles within the arch and in the bulk. All this shows the special nature of the forces developed in clogging arches, which suggests that direct extrapolations of bulk properties should not be taken for granted.

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“…Quantitative predictions for flow rates were proposed (e. g. [5][6][7][8] and references therein). When the outlet diameter is smaller than about 5 particle diameters [9][10][11][12][13], clogs form after some time at the orifice and block further outflow, mostly unwanted. Spontaneous arch formation [14,15], the preceding kinetics [16], as well as the inherent force distributions [17,18] have been analyzed in the literature.…”

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Silo outflow of soft frictionless spheres

et al. 2017

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Outflow of granular materials from silos is a remarkably complex physical phenomenon that has been extensively studied with simple objects like monodisperse hard disks in two dimensions (2D) and hard spheres in 2D and 3D. For those materials, empirical equations were found that describe the discharge characteristics. Softness adds qualitatively new features to the dynamics and to the character of the flow. We report a study of the outflow of soft, practically frictionless hydrogel spheres from a quasi-2D bin. Prominent features are intermittent clogs, peculiar flow fields in the container and a pronounced dependence of the flow rate and clogging statistics on the container fill height. The latter is a consequence of the ineffectiveness of Janssen's law: the pressure at the bottom of a bin containing hydrogel spheres grows linearly with the fill height.

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Jamming during the discharge of granular matter from a silo

Cited by 264 publications

References 14 publications

The flow rate of granular materials through an orifice

The flow rate of granular materials through an orifice

Force analysis of clogging arches in a silo

Silo outflow of soft frictionless spheres

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