Jamming of fingers: an experimental study to determine force and deflection in participants and human cadaver specimens for development of a new bionic test device for validation of power-operated motor vehicle side door windows

Abstract

The deformability of human fingers is central to addressing the real-life hazard of finger jamming between the window and seal entry of a power-operated motor vehicle side door window. The index and little fingers of the left hand of 109 participants and of 20 cadaver specimens were placed in a measurement setup. Participants progressively jammed their fingers at five different dorsal-palmar jam positions up to the maximum tolerable pain threshold, whereas the cadaver specimens were jammed up to the maximum possible deflection. Force-deflection curves were calculated corresponding to increasing deflection of the compressed tissue layers of the fingers. The average maximum force applied by the participants was 42 N to the index finger and 35 N to the little finger. In the cadaver fingers, the average of the maximum force applied was 1886 N for the index finger and 1833 N for the little finger. In 200 jam positions, 25 fractures were observed on radiographs; fractures occurred at an average force of 1485 N. These data assisted the development of a prototype of a bionic test device for more realistic validation of power-operated motor vehicle windows.

A Different Type of Physical Violence Against Women: Finger Amputation By Human Bite

“…tarafından 109 katılımcı ve 20 kadavra örneği üzerinde yapılan bir çalışmada, katılımcıların sol el orta ve küçük parmaklarına, proksimal falanks, proksimal interfalangeal eklem, orta falanks, distal interfalangeal eklem ve distal falanks olmak üzere 5 farklı noktadan fleksiyona zorlayacak şekilde kuvvet uygulanmış, sonuç olarak küçük parmak distal falanks üzerine uygulanan minimum 467 N'luk kuvvet ile kırık meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. 12 Anılan iki çalışma birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, erişkin ve sağlıklı çene yapısına sahip bir erkek bireyin ısırık ile el parmak distal falanksında ampütasyon oluşturabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.…”