Janus membrane with tailored upper and lower surface charges for ion penetration manipulation in high-performance nanofiltration

Grand challenge in membrane applications: Liquid

“…Several approaches have been performed to develop such selective membranes with fine-tuning properties. For example, numerous loose NF membranes have been fabricated by phaseinversion for the precise separation of small molecules (e.g., dyes, antibiotics, sugars) and salts (e.g., monovalent salts, divalent salts) via synthesizing new polymer derivatives (Zhou et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2021c), blending nanomaterials with polymers Zhang et al, 2021), or tailoring membrane surface charge (Tian et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2023). Ion selective NF membranes have also been developed by tailoring the interfacial polymerization process (Pan et al, 2017;Gong et al, 2019;Liang et al, 2020) or modifying the membrane surface to finely tailor the pore size and surface charge of thin-film composite polyamide membranes (Cheng et al, 2018).…”