Japanese Encephalitis vaccine: Need of the hour in endemic states of India

Verma, Ramesh

doi:10.4161/hv.18925

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Safety has not been established in pregnant women, nursing mothers, or children age <17. [10][11][12] Meningococcal vaccine This vaccine is given as a single injection. The quadrivalent vaccine gives 2-3 y protection.…”

Section: Japanese Encephalitis Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended vaccines for international travelers to India

Verma

Khanna

Chawla

2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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India's tourism industry generated 6.6% of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during 2012. International travel to India is predicted to grow at an average annual rate of ∼ 8% over the next decade. The number of foreign tourists has increased by 9% to 5.8 million. Approximately 8% of travelers to developing countries require medical care during or after travel; the main diagnoses are vaccine-preventable diseases. Travelers to India can be exposed to various infectious diseases; water-borne, water-related, and zoonotic diseases may be imported to India where the disease is not endemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that all international travelers should be up to date with routine vaccinations. The recommended vaccinations for travelers to India vary according to the traveler's age, immunization history, existing medical conditions, duration, legal requirements for entry into countries being visited, travelers preferences, and values. Travelers should consult with a doctor so that there is sufficient time for completion of optimal vaccination schedules. No matter where traveling, one should be aware of potential exposure to certain organisms that can cause severely illnesses, even death. There is no doubt that vaccines have reduced or virtually eliminated many diseases that killed or severely disabled children and adults just a few generations ago. Thus, travelers must take recommended vaccines per schedule before traveling to India.

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Section: Japanese Encephalitis Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended vaccines for international travelers to India

Verma

Khanna

Chawla

2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…China has developed a live-attenuated vaccine that has proven to induce protective immunity following a single inoculation. The cell culture derived live SA 14 -14-2 Vaccine is based on a stable neuroattenuated strain of JEV (SA 14 -14-2) (Verma, 2012). Cost, efficacy and safety concerns led to the development of a live-attenuated virus vaccine (SA 14 -14-2) (Halstead and Thomas, 2011).…”

Section: Cell Culture Derived Live Attenuated Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Scenario of Vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis

Cherukommu¹,

Swamy²,

Saxena³

2014

American Journal of Virology

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Currently various countries in South-East Asia, including India, are facing disaster due to Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), which is primarily caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). A dirty environment and a lack of awareness about the risks associated with mosquito bites may be one of the reasons of the outbreak. Japanese encephalitis is a lethal neuroviral infection for which there is no treatment and it largely affects children less than 14 years. Most of the cases either remain asymptomatic or shortlived mild symptoms with fever. In less than one case in every 300-500, the virus causes serious symptoms, such as seizures, confusion and paralysis. Up to one in every three people who develop serious symptoms die and those who do survive may suffer permanent neurological damage. However, the disease can be prevented by JE-specific vaccination. The current article tries to create awareness and is a compilation of advances made so far for vaccines for Japanese encephalitis.

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“…Live attenuated vaccines seem to offer good hope; some of the advantages are that these provide long lasting immunity and are very sensitive. Currently, the only potential vaccine is the Chinese SA 14-14-2 strain [Verma et al, 2012]. Protein-protein interaction is essential for various cellular functions and impeding such interactions using synthetic composites is a very noteworthy idea for formulation of new pharmaceuticals [Haridas et al, 2013].…”

Section: Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%