Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines

Satchidanandam, Vijaya

doi:10.1007/s40506-020-00242-5

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Live attenuated and inactivated JE vaccines currently used are produced from GIII strains [25,26]. A live attenuated JE-yellow fever chimeric vaccine has also been licensed in certain countries, and the vaccine contains prM-E region of an attenuated GIII SA 14-14-2 strain [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Protective Ability of Genotype I-Based Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) with Attenuation Mutations in E Protein against Genotype V JEV

et al. 2021

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Genotype V (GV) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has emerged in Korea and China since 2009. Recent findings suggest that current Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines may reduce the ability to induce neutralizing antibodies against GV JEV compared to other genotypes. This study sought to produce a novel live attenuated JE vaccine with a high efficacy against GV JEV. Genotype I (GI)-GV intertypic recombinant strain rJEV-EXZ0934-M41 (EXZ0934), in which the E region of the GI Mie/41/2002 strain was replaced with that of GV strain XZ0934, was introduced with the same 10 attenuation substitutions in the E region found in the live attenuated JE vaccine strain SA 14-14-2 to produce a novel mutant virus rJEV-EXZ/SA14142m-M41 (EXZ/SA14142m). In addition, another mutant rJEV-EM41/SA14142m-M41 (EM41/SA14142m), which has the same substitutions in the Mie/41/2002, was also produced. The neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence of the two mutant viruses were significantly reduced in mice. The mutant viruses induced neutralizing antibodies against GV JEV in mice. The growth of EXZ/SA14142m was lower than that of EM41/SA14142m. In mouse challenge tests, a single inoculation with a high dose of the mutants blocked lethal GV JEV infections; however, the protective efficacy of EXZ/SA14142m was weaker than that of EM41/SA14142m in low-dose inoculations. The lower protection potency of EXZ/SA14142m may be ascribed to the reduced growth ability caused by the attenuation mutations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Protective Ability of Genotype I-Based Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) with Attenuation Mutations in E Protein against Genotype V JEV

et al. 2021

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“…Flaviviruses are arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) mainly transmitted by mosquitoes, and, not surprisingly, due to global climate warming and increasing travelling and trade, their geographic distribution is growing. Many flaviviruses are zoonotic, such as West Nile virus (WNV), with birds as the main natural host [ 34 , 35 ] or Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), with a cycle involving aquatic birds and pigs as amplifying hosts [ 36 ]. Yellow fever virus (YFV) has a sylvatic cycle, which serves to maintain the virus in wild reservoirs between outbreaks in humans [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in February 2016 [ 41 ]. JEV is a notable cause of encephalitis in Asia [ 36 ]. Although most JEV infected people present only subclinical manifestations, a third of symptomatic cases are fatal and almost 50% of survivors present long-term neurological sequelae [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Protein Kinase Pharmacological Regulation in Flaviviridae Infections

Blázquez

Saiz

2020

IJMS

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Protein kinases (PKs) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphate group from ATP to a protein acceptor, mainly to serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. PK catalyzed phosphorylation is critical to the regulation of cellular signaling pathways that affect crucial cell processes, such as growth, differentiation, and metabolism. PKs represent attractive targets for drugs against a wide spectrum of diseases, including viral infections. Two different approaches are being applied in the search for antivirals: compounds directed against viral targets (direct-acting antivirals, DAAs), or against cellular components essential for the viral life cycle (host-directed antivirals, HDAs). One of the main drawbacks of DAAs is the rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses. In contrast, HDAs present a higher barrier to resistance development. This work reviews the use of chemicals that target cellular PKs as HDAs against virus of the Flaviviridae family (Flavivirus and Hepacivirus), thus being potentially valuable therapeutic targets in the control of these pathogens.

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“…Inactivated vaccine is a safe and low-cost vaccine that is used in the prevention of many diseases [ 97 , 98 , 99 ]. However, the ASF inactivated vaccine does not provide protection [ 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Asf Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Escape Mechanism and Vaccine Research Progress of African Swine Fever Virus

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. Since ASF was first reported in China in 2018, ASFV still exists and poses a potential threat to the current pig industry. Low-virulence and genotype I strains of ASFV have been reported in China, and the prevention and control of ASF is more complicated. Insufficient understanding of the interaction of ASFV with the host immune system hinders vaccine development. Physical barriers, nonspecific immune response and acquired immunity are the three barriers of the host against infection. To escape the innate immune response, ASFV invades monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, thereby inhibiting IFN expression, regulating cytokine expression and the body’s inflammatory response process. Meanwhile, in order to evade the adaptive immune response, ASFV inhibits antigen presentation, induces the production of non-neutralizing antibodies, and inhibits apoptosis. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in vaccine development around the world. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) based on artificially deleting specific virulence genes can achieve 100% homologous protection and partial heterologous protection. The key of subunit vaccines is identifying the combination of antigens that can effectively provide protection and selecting carriers that can effectively deliver the antigens. In this review, we introduce the epidemic trend of ASF and the impact on the pig industry, analyze the interaction mechanism between ASFV and the body’s immune system, and compare the current status of potential vaccines in order to provide a reference for the development of effective ASF vaccines.

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Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines

Cited by 40 publications

References 65 publications

Immunogenicity and Protective Ability of Genotype I-Based Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) with Attenuation Mutations in E Protein against Genotype V JEV

Immunogenicity and Protective Ability of Genotype I-Based Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) with Attenuation Mutations in E Protein against Genotype V JEV

Potential for Protein Kinase Pharmacological Regulation in Flaviviridae Infections

Immune Escape Mechanism and Vaccine Research Progress of African Swine Fever Virus

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