Japanese population norms for preference-based measures: EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-6D

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to measure the population norms for the Japanese versions of preference-based measures (EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-6D). We also considered the relations between QOL score in the general population and socio-demographic factors. MethodsA total of 1143 adult respondents (aged ≥ 20 years) were randomly sampled from across Japan using data from the Basic Resident Register. The health status of each respondent was measured using the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-6D, and responses regarding socio-demographic data as well as subjective diseases and symptoms were obtained. The responses were converted to a QOL score using Japanese value sets. ResultsThe percentages of respondents with full health scores were 68 % (EQ-5D-3L), 55 % (EQ-5D-5L), and 4 % (SF-6D). The QOL score measured using the SF-6D was significantly lower than those measured using either EQ-5D score. The QOL score was significantly lower among respondents over the age of 60 years, those who had a lower income, and those who had a shorter period of education. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed a poor agreement between the EQ-5D and SF-6D scores. The differences in QOL scores between respondents with and those without any disease were 0.064 for the EQ-5D-3L, 0.061 for the EQ-5D-5L, and 0.073 for the SF-6D; these differences are regarded as between-group minimal important differences in the general population. ConclusionThe Japanese population norms of three preference-based QOL measures were examined for the first time. Such information is useful for economic evaluations and research examining QOL score.

Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and factors affecting HRQoL among individuals with health insurance in Iran

“…In addition, this study revealed that sex, years of schooling, and chronic diseases were strongly associated with QoL. A similar study [24] showed that females, lower education, unemployment, and hospitalization due to diabetes and side effects of the disease were correlated with lower QoL and reporting some or extreme problems in various dimensions. Moreover, the difference in QoL scores between people with and without any disease was approximately 0.064, which is less than what we found (0.119).…”

“…Our results also showed that no significant difference was found in QoL according to insurance type, complementary insurance, or smoking status. Similar to our study, the causal relationship between income and health status was not clear, but this information may be very valuable for policymakers nonetheless [24]. …”

“…The SD of the scores in all these studies was lower than ours, as well. Other studies [22,24] have shown that QoL for females is lower than for males. Moreover, with increasing age, QoL decreases.…”

“…Furthermore, females and lower education levels were associated with lower HRQoL. In many studies, people with higher income and education reported higher HRQoL scores [4,24,26,27]. Nonetheless, some studies did not report a significant difference in QoL based on sexes [21].…”

Multicentre observational study of quality of life after surgical palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction for gastric cancer

“…EQ‐5D™ scores characterized each assessment after baseline as improved or deteriorated if the score changed by at least 0·05 points, and stable if it changed by less than 0·05 points21, 22, 23.…”