Jasmonic acid/methyl jasmonate accumulate in wounded soybean hypocotyls and modulate wound gene expression.

Creelman, Robert A.; Tierney, Mary L.; Mullet, John E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.89.11.4938

Cited by 492 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Recently, it has been well established that cultured plant cells and intact plants respond toward elicitors, wounding, and mechanical stimulation with a dramatic increase in production of endogenous 3(R),7(S)-JA (Creelman et al, 1992;Gundlach et al, 1992;Mueller et al, 1993;Weiler et al, 1993;Laudert et al, 1996). This has been regarded as an essential event in the signal transduction cascade, eventually leading to gene activation and secondary metabolite formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of 12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid in Wounded Plants and Elicited Plant Cell Cultures

Parchmann¹,

Gundlach²,

Mueller³

1997

Plant Physiology

128

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Jasmonic acid (jA) is rapidly biosynthesized from a-linolenic acid in plants upon contact with pathogens or wounding, and triggers gene activation, leading to the synthesis of defensive secondary metabolites and proteins. Despite the recent finding that its precursor, 1 2-0x0-phytodienoic acid (PDA), is a more powerful inducer of gene activation, interest has focused so far almost exclusively on jA.A validated negative chemical ionization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed that allows the simultaneous quantification of endogenous 1 2-0x0-PDA and JA in plant tissues. In six out of eight plant species tested maximal levels of 12-0x0-PDA exceeded peak levels of JA by approximately 3-to 5-fold after elicitation with a yeast cell wall preparation or when plants were wounded. These experiments support the hypothesis that 12-0x0-PDA acts as the predominant jasmonate signal in most plants, whereas JA remains an active metabolite of its precursor. Furthermore, JA but not 12-0x0-PDA was shown to be secreted into the medium from cultured plant cells, suggesting that jA may also act as an intercellular signal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of 12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid in Wounded Plants and Elicited Plant Cell Cultures

Parchmann¹,

Gundlach²,

Mueller³

1997

Plant Physiology

128

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“…Currently available techniques that measured jasmonates require gram quantities of tissue (Creelman et al, 1992;Albrecht et al, 1993). For this reason, it was not practical to assay jasmonate levels in wild-type and mutant floral organs.…”

Section: An Essential Role For Jasmonate In Pollen Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure and biosynthesis (Creelman et al, 1992). Thus, jasmonic acid is synthesized from 18:3 (which is presumably released from membrane lipids by the action of a phospholipase A2) by a pathway that is initiated by lipoxygenase.…”

Section: An Essential Role For Jasmonate In Pollen Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Requirement for Linolenic Acid Is Pollen Development, Not Photosynthesis, in an Arabidopsis Mutant.

1996

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The very high proportlons of trlenolc fatty acids found in chloroplast membranes of all higher plants suggest that these llpld otructurtis mlght be essentlal for photosynthasis. We report here on the productisn of Arabidopsis triple mutants that contaln negllglble levels of trlenolc fatty acids. Photosynthesls at 22OC was barely affected, and vegetative growth of the mutants was ldentlcal wlth that of tha wlld type, dm"StratIng that any requlrement for trienoic acyl groups in membrane structure and functlon 1s relatively subtle. Although vegetative growth and development were unaffected, the triple mutants are male sterlle and produce no seed under normal conditlons. Comparisons of psllen development In wlld-type and triple mutant flowersestablished that pallan gralns in the mutant develeped to the tslcellular stege. Exogenous applicatlens of a-llnolenata or jasmonate restered fertlllty. T a k n tsgether, the results demonstrate that the critical role of trlenolc acids ln tha llfe cycle of plants 1s as the precursor of sxylipln, a signallng compound that regulates final maturatlon processes and the release of pollen. INTRODUCTIONThe biophysical reactions of light harvesting and electron transport during photosynthesis take place in a uniquely constructed bilayer membrane, the thylakoid. In all photosynthetic eukaryotes, the complement of atypical glyceralipid molecules that form the foundation of this membrane are characterized by sugar headgroups and avery high leve1 of unsaturation in the fatty acid chains, which compose the central portion of the thylakoid lamella bilayer. For example, menogalactosyldiacylglycerol, the major thylakoid lipid, typically contains >90% af a-linolenic acid (183) er a combination of 183 and hexadecatrienoic (163) acids, depending on the plant species (Jamieson and Reid, 1971). These very high levels of trienoic fatty asids are noteworthy because free radicals that are byproducts of the photosynthetic llght reactions stimulate oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Because this oxidation might be expected ta medlate against a high degree of unsaturation, it has been inferred that there is a strong selective advantage to having such high levels of trienoic fatty acids in the thylakoid. Therefore, it could be reasoned that these lipid structures must have some critical role in maintaining photosynthetic functlon.To test this line of reasoning directly, we set out to develop Arabldopsis llnes with reduced levels of 18:3 and 163 fatty acids. There are two dlstinct pathways in plant 6811s for the biosynthesis of glycerolipids Rnd the associated praduction To whom correspondence should be addressed. of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Roughan et al., 1980;Browse and Somerville, 1991). 60th pathways are initiated by the synthesis of 16:O-acyl carrier protein (ACP) and 18:l-ACP by the combined action of a type II fatty acid synthase (Shimakata and Stumpf, 1982) and a soluble stearoyl-ACP desaturase (McKeon and Stumpf, 1982;Shanklin and Somerville, 1991) located in the chloroplasts or other p...

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“…For plants these include traumatin and jasmonic acid, which may affect a variety of physiological processes (Siedow, 1991). For example, they induce defense-related genes, including those encoding Phe ammonia lyase (Grunlach et al, 1992), protease inhibitors (Farmer and Ryan, 1992), chalcone synthase and Pro-rich wall proteins (Creelman et al, 1992), and LOX (Bell ;and Mullet, 1993;Croft et al, 1993). Thus, the Cf-Avr-dependent increases in LOX activity may serve to provide the substrate for the synthesis of additional signaling molecules that coordinate and amplify the defense response to C. fulvum.…”

Section: Effects Of If On the Activities Of Antioxidant Enzymes And Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Glutathione Metabolism, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Cf-Gene-Dependent Defense Response of Tomato Cotyledons Induced by Race-Specific Elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum

1996

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The chronological order of responses to Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke) (Cf) race-specific elicitors was assessed in cotyledons of three near-isogenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines carrying either Cf-9 or Cf-2 or no Cf gene. The responses observed were dependent on the presence of a Cf gene, Avr-gene product dose injected, and the relative humidity (RH) of the growth chamber. At ambient RH, superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation occurred after 2 h (Cf9) and 4 h (Cf2). At elevated RH (98%) and at lower avirulence elicitor dose, Cf-Avr-dependent lipid peroxidation was considerably attenuated. Significant electrolyte leakage occurred by 18 h but only at the lower RH. Total glutathione levels began to increase 2 to 4 h and 4 to 8 h after challenge of Cf9 and Cf2 cells, respectively, and by 48 h reached 665 and 570% of initial levels. A large proportion of this accumulation (87%) was as oxidized glutathione. When the RH was increased to 98%, increases in glutathione levels were strongly attenuated. lncreased lipoxygenase enzyme activity was detected 8 h postchallenge in either incompatible interaction. These results indicate that the activation of the Cf-Avr-mediated defense response results in severe oxidative stress.Early events during the interaction between a specialized pathogen and its host ultimately determine whether the attempted infection succeeds or fails. Plant-pathogen interactions often exhibit race-cultivar specificity. To explain this, the "gene-for-gene" hypothesis has been proposed (Flor, 1946), wherein incompatibility requires the presence of both a dominant plant resistance ( X ) gene and a complementary dominant pathogen avirulence (Aur) gene (Gabriel and Rolfe, 1990;Keen, 1990).The interaction between the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fuluum (syn. Fulua fulua [Cooke] Cif.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) provides an excellent experThis work was supported by a Glasstone research fellowship to M.J.M. and the Gatsby Charitable Foundation to K

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Jasmonic acid/methyl jasmonate accumulate in wounded soybean hypocotyls and modulate wound gene expression.

Cited by 492 publications

References 31 publications

Induction of 12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid in Wounded Plants and Elicited Plant Cell Cultures

Induction of 12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid in Wounded Plants and Elicited Plant Cell Cultures

The Critical Requirement for Linolenic Acid Is Pollen Development, Not Photosynthesis, in an Arabidopsis Mutant.

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Glutathione Metabolism, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Cf-Gene-Dependent Defense Response of Tomato Cotyledons Induced by Race-Specific Elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum

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