JC virus genotyping offers a new means of tracing the origins of unidentified cadavers

Ikegaya, Hiroshi; Iwase, Hirotaro; Sugimoto, Chie; Yogo, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1007/s00414-002-0297-8

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It was also reported that JC, BK, and Epstein-Barr viruses can be detected at a frequency of 58.3%, 30.5%, and 16%, respectively [Ikegaya et al, 2002[Ikegaya et al, , 2007[Ikegaya et al, , 2008. Compared to these viruses, VZV can be detected at a higher frequency and determination of its genotypes will, therefore, enable the geographical origin of more unidentified cadavers to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A method for identifying cadavers was, therefore, developed as a new source of information. This method determines the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on DNA polymorphisms of latent human viruses with different geographical distribution, and previous studies have reported the use of this method for JC, BK, and Epstein-Barr viruses [Ikegaya et al, 2002[Ikegaya et al, , 2007[Ikegaya et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella–zoster virus

Inoue

Motani-Saitoh

Sakurada

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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A new method was developed for determining the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers by examining the genome of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which resides latently throughout life in most individuals and the genotypes which show distinct geographical distribution. VZV DNA samples extracted from the trigeminal ganglia of 62 cadavers (59 from Japan, and 1 each from the United Kingdom, Mongolia, and Pakistan) submitted for medico-legal autopsy were examined. Sequencing was performed on a 358-bp region in the open reading frame (ORF) 22 containing four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a 419-bp region in ORF 62 containing 2 SNPs in the VZV genome. Using these SNP markers, the VZV genome was classified into the nine genotypes described previously. Phylogenetic tree analysis was also undertaken for the sequenced regions and for the 22 existing VZV strains described previously. In addition, 21 samples were subcloned for detection of co-infection. The VZV genome was classified successfully into nine genotypes using four SNPs in ORF 22 and two SNPs in ORF 62 as markers. Among Japanese cadavers, 57 carried genotype J, 1 carried genotype M1, and 1 carried genotype M2. The British and the Mongolian cadavers carried genotype E1 and the Pakistani cadaver carried M1. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that VZV strains can be classified into different genotypes with high bootstrap values. None of the subcloned samples showed evidence of co-infection. These results suggest that valuable additional information for determining the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers can be provided by examining the VZV genome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella–zoster virus

Inoue

Motani-Saitoh

Sakurada

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This geographical identification method using JCV (the JCV method) has already been used in actual police investigations to facilitate identification. Even if the positive rate is high, the JCV method does not always succeed in detecting where people are from [2]. Therefore, we tried to elucidate their geographical origins using another marker, the BK virus (BKV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no reliable means for tracing the geographical origins of unidentified cadavers. Recently, we have reported that the JC virus (JCV), a parasitic agent in human, is useful in tracing the geographical origins of unidentified cadavers [2,3]. JCV is easily detected from the kidney tissue [4] or urine samples [5] of healthy individuals, and it is detectable even from a small urine stain [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BK virus genotype distribution offers information of tracing the geographical origins of unidentified cadaver

Ikegaya

Motani

Saukko

et al. 2007

Forensic Science International

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“…Recently, the number of unidentified cadavers has increased worldwide (3). The geographic distribution of various viruses has been used to determine the geographic origins cadavers (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The worldwide distribution of HCV genotypes has also been reported (1, 2, 4, 12-14, 17, 19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hepatitis C Virus and Antibodies in Postmortem Blood and Bloodstains

Takasaka

Itoh

Kaneko³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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To evaluate the risk of accidental hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we examined whether anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA were detectable in HCV-infected blood samples from living donors, cadavers, and bloodstains. We showed that even after blood has left the body for several days, anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA may persist in it.At the scenes of crimes or accidents, bloody materials are often handled without adequate precautions against infection because most first responders are not medical specialists. This study's objective was to test whether or not such samples are no longer potentially infectious. We used hepatitis C virus (HCV) as the representative infectious agent. To simulate the types of exposures first responders might encounter, we tested whether HCV RNA and antibodies are detected in blood and bloodstains kept at room temperature for up to 60 days and from blood of actual postmortem cases up to 14 days after death.HCV-infected blood samples were obtained with informed consent from 12 patients (8 men and 4 women; mean age, 68.5 Ϯ 10.7 years; range, 44 to 84 years) at the University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, and at Aiseikai Yamashina Hospital. Prior to our experiments, the serum titers of HCV RNA of all samples were determined, using the COBAS TaqMan HCV assay (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA), to range from 5.4 to 7.0 log IU/ml (average, 6.363 Ϯ 0.42 log IU/ml). All samples were stored at Ϫ80°C until use.Bloodstain samples were prepared by soaking cotton buds in 0.1 ml of HCV-infected whole-blood samples (n ϭ 8) for 1 min and then drying them at room temperature for up to 60 days. Samples of HCV-infected whole blood (n ϭ 4) were placed in sealed 2-ml test tubes and kept at room temperature for up to 60 days. The prepared blood and bloodstain samples were analyzed at 1, 3, 9, 27, and 60 days after preparation.The postmortem whole-blood samples were obtained between December 2008 and April 2010 from 10 forensic autopsies performed on individuals (7 men and 3 women; mean age, 52 Ϯ 13.15 years; range, 33 to 79 years) who had tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies. These blood samples were stored at Ϫ80°C for a week before use.Anti-HCV antibodies from the bloodstain and whole-blood samples were detected using immunochromatography with Or-

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JC virus genotyping offers a new means of tracing the origins of unidentified cadavers

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella–zoster virus

Determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella–zoster virus

BK virus genotype distribution offers information of tracing the geographical origins of unidentified cadaver

Detection of Hepatitis C Virus and Antibodies in Postmortem Blood and Bloodstains

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