Jefes del Sénia. Sobre la emergencia de jefaturas durante la primera Edad del Hierro en el nordeste de la península Ibérica

Abstract

Jefes del Sénia. Sobre la emergencia de jefaturas durante la primera Edad del Hierro en el nordeste de la Península IbéricaChiefs of the Senia River. On the emergence of chiefdoms during the Early Iron Age in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula RESUMENEn los últimos años se está desarrollando un interesante y profundo debate sobre los modelos de organización política de las sociedades que habitaron en el nordeste de la Península Ibérica durante la Protohistoria. En nuestra opinión, el surgimiento de las primeras sociedades complejas en esta zona se produciría con anterioridad al desarrollo de la Cultura Ibérica. Con el objetivo de contrastarlo, presentamos un caso de estudio datado durante la primera Edad del Hierro (siglos VII-VI anE, aprox.). LABURPENAAzken urteotan Protohistorian Iberiar Penintsularen ipar-ekialdian bizi izan ziren gizarteen antolaketa politikoaren ereduei buruzko eztabaida interesgarri eta sakona garatzen ari da. Gure iritziz, eremu horretan lehen gizarte konplexuak Iberiar Kultura garatu aurretik sortu izango ziren. Hori kontrastatu ahal izateko, lehen Burdina Aroan datatutako (VII-VI. mendeak K.a. gutxi gorabehera) azterketa-kasu bat aurkeztu dugu. ABSTRACTA discussion is being developed in recent years about the political system of the communities that inhabited the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula during the Protohistory. In this paper, we propose that the first complex societies arise in this area before the Iberian Culture. In order to contrast it, we present a case study dated in the Early Iron Age (VII-VI century BC) formed by a set of five sites located closed to each other, that we have named, as a whole, as Sant Jaume Complex. That Complex was formed by the settlements of Sant Jaume -a big and fortified house-, la Moleta del Remei -a village-, la Ferradura, el Castell -two points strategically located for the control of local communication paths-and la Cogula -perhaps a watchtower-. We follow a contextual approach, following the perspective proposed by R. D. Drennan and C. E. Peterson for the analysis and definition of the early complex societies. From this perspective, we attempt a reconstruction of Complex Sant Jaume sociopolitical organization from the specific study of a number of lines of evidence, which are interpreted in combination. The elements explored are Local Community Structure, Supra-local Community Scale, Supra-local Community Centralization, Demographic Density, Public Works Investment, Tax Rate, Conflict, Wealth and Prestige Differentiation, as well as other points as long distance Exchange or Storability of staple foods, among others. We also explore which were the sources of power that allowed the elites to control the system establishing, first, the dependency relationships and secondly, stabilizing the system. We conclude that it is possible to consider that the Sant Jaume Complex was a simple chiefdom, with a low level of development.

Updated Iberian Archeomagnetic Catalogue: New Full Vector Paleosecular Variation Curve for the Last Three Millennia

“…The age of the studied archeological sites ranges from the eleventh century BC to the nineteenth century AD. Detailed information about the archeological context and sampling methods is available in supporting information Text S1 (Almagro‐Gorbea & Álvarez‐Sanchís, ; Álvarez‐Sanchís et al, ; Fernández Martínez et al, ; García i Rubert, ; García i Rubert et al, ; Garcia‐Rubert et al, ; Gutiérrez Cuenca et al, ; López‐Cachero, ; López‐Cachero et al, ; Martín Viso et al, ; Molina & Salinas, ; Molina Expósito, ; Núñez, ; Proyecto Mauranus, ; Ruiz Zapatero, ; Salas Álvarez et al, ; Santos et al, ; Sastre Blanco, ; Thébault et al, ).…”

Phoenician Pottery in the Western Mediterranean: A New Perspective Based on the Early Iron Age (800–550 BC) Settlement of Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Catalonia)

“…Our main hypothesis is that Sant Jaume was a fortified residence, perhaps the home and the headquarters of local political power in the framework of a chiefdom, from which it was possible to control neighbouring settlements (Moleta del Remei, la Ferradura, la Cogula, and el Castell d'Ulldecona). This chiefdom (Figure 1c) has been named the Sant Jaume Complex [25][26][27][28][29]. However, the work carried out in recent years at the site suggests the possibility that it could be a Phoenician factory, though further research is needed to support this hypothesis.…”