Jellyfish envenomation syndromes

Burnett, Joseph W.; Calton, Gary J.; Burnett, Henry W.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70013-3

Cited by 108 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1 The pathophysiology of jellyfish sting is a combination of toxin and immunological response (immediate allergic reaction and delayed reaction). 2 The toxins are composed of a mixture of polypeptides and enzymes, leading to local or systemic inflammatory responses. 2 There has also been a report on toxins causing platelet aggregation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The toxins are composed of a mixture of polypeptides and enzymes, leading to local or systemic inflammatory responses. 2 There has also been a report on toxins causing platelet aggregation. 3 Hence, the physiological response of jellyfish sting depends on the species of jellyfish and the toxins they release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are released when the victim's skin is in contact with jellyfish, injecting the venom into the victim via a thread tube, sufficient to penetrate the dermis of human skin. 2 The majority of jellyfish stings are mild with local skin reactions. The usual presentation is a painful papular-urticaria at site of contact, which looks like multiple whip-like eruptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital ischaemia: a rare but severe complication of jellyfish sting

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital ischaemia: a rare but severe complication of jellyfish sting

et al. 2014

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“…The "blooms" of this jellyfish have implications for human health and relapses on economic activities including tourism and fishing. The nematocyst toxins cause various reactions in humans that range from local lesions, vesicles and redness to severe and dangerous complications such as cardio-and neurotoxic effects and Guillain-Barré syndrome (Burnett et al 1986;Pang & Schwartz 1993;Tibbals 2006;Mariottini & Pane 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemolytic activity and characterization of nematocyst venom fromPelagia noctiluca(Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Trapani

Parrino

Parisi

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Zoology

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We investigated the haemolytic capacity of the crude venom extracted from isolated nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa), and evidenced the proteic fractions responsible for this activity. The nematocyst venom was used at various concentrations to evaluate the haemolytic activity and the lysosomal membrane stability of red blood cells of two teleostean species treated with the extract. The nematocyst extract was assayed against erythrocytes of the two teleostean species living in different environments, Carassius auratus as a common freshwater species, and Liza aurata as a representative of seawater species. Experiments on the haemolytic activity of P. noctiluca in the presence of lipid components of erythrocyte membranes showed that sphyngomyelin strongly inhibited this activity. The crude venom was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the proteic composition, and it was found that the active haemolytic components of this venom are distributed in at least four protein fractions. The results of our experiments indicated that Pelagia noctiluca venom induces haemolysis and lysosomal membrane destabilisation in both species and that Carassius auratus was more susceptible to jellyfish venom than was Liza aurata. No significant differences in glutathione (GSH) levels were observed between control and treatments; consequently the toxins do not cause the oxidative stress but likely recognize specific targets (i.e. sphyngomyelin) in the plasmatic membrane of red blood cells.

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“…The cnidarians are animals that present a complex intracellular secretory product, the cnida, the cnidocyte being the cell that synthesizes it, and from which it is discharged (Watson and Wood, 1988). The nematocyst, a type of cnida, in many cases is a cyst with a harpoon-like structure that injects a complex mixture of toxins, which are associated with neurological, cardiological and cutaneous repercussions, manifested by intense pain, cardiac arrhythmia, respiratory distress, sudoresis, nausea, vomiting and cutaneous erythema, besides a swelling and superficial necrosis at the points of contact with the tentacles (Burnett et al, 1986;Burnett and Calton, 1987). The venom provokes toxic and allergic effects, both of which are potential causes for severe accidents and deaths (Reed et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%