Jellyfish fisheries in northern Vietnam

Abstract

Abstract:The aim of this study is to describe jellyfish fisheries (JF) in Thanh Hoa, the northern part of Vietnam. Information was accumulated based on an interview with the owner of a private jellyfish processing factory (JPF) and fishermen, sampling animals, and through reports of fishery statistics. The JF season begins in April and finishes in May. Two species, Rhopilema hispidum and Rhopilema esculentum are confirmed as commercially exploited, with the former species being caught in much higher abundance than the latter. Cyanea, Chrysaora, Sanderia, and Aequorea were also by caught but not used for processing. Jellyfish are cut into three parts, the bell, the oral-arms, and the stem (fused part of the oral-arm), which are processed separately using salt and alum at the JPF. The number of Rhopilema jellyfish collected by fishermen is estimated as 800,000-1,200,000 indiv. per fishery season, suggesting that the fishery may have an impact on jellyfish populations in the area. On the other hand, the JF has resulted in substantial economic benefits to fishermen, the JPF and thus the local economy. In a jellyfish-rich year, the income of fisherman can reach 31-75 USD day Ϫ1 or 1,200-3,000 USD during the JF season, which could sustain their living for the rest of the year.However, the JF also put fishermen into a financially unstable condition because they have to rely on jellyfish occurrence, which shows high inter-annual variation, and market price set by brokers who purchase their product. Statistics provided by the Sea Product Processing Company indicates that the export amount of jellyfish tripled from a total of 1,500 tones in 1995 to 4,600 tones in 2005.

Role of winds and tides in timing of beach strandings, occurrence, and significance of swarms of the jellyfish Crambione mastigophora Mass 1903 (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) in north-western Australia

“…To avoid confusion, it is worth noting here, that Rumpet (1991) provides an excellent description of another sea-east Asian fishery for ''red'' jellyfish, but it is unlikely that this is C. mastigophora. Rumpet's (1991) report from the South China Sea (Sarawak, Malaysia) almost certainly refers to Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye 1891 based on the description of fisheries for this species and Rhopilema hispidum (Vanhöffen 1888) (white) elsewhere in the South China Sea (Vietnam) by Nishikawa et al (2008). The economic feasibility of a fishery for C. mastigophora has not been evaluated in Australia and maybe worthy of examination especially if swarms continue to have detrimental economic impacts.…”

Symbionts of marine medusae and ctenophores

“…5C) were observed to attach to the oral arms of R. esculentum caught in Sagami Bay on the Pacific coast of the mainland of Japan (Suzuki 1965), Rhopilema hispidum (Vanhöffen) off Thanh Hoa, Viet Nam (21 April 2007: see Nishikawa et al 2008) and Mastigias sp. off Cirebon, Indonesia (10 September 2008: Nishikawa pers obs), respectively.…”

“…are important foods for Chinese cooking, and the average annual catches of these edible jellyfish between 1988 and 1999 in southeastern Asia and around the world were 169,000 and 321,000 metric tons, respectively (cf. Omori & Nakano 2001, Nishikawa et al 2008. Therefore the life cycles, horizontal and vertical distributions, seasonal occurrences and physiological features have Plankton Benthos Res 4(1): [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]2009 Symbionts of marine medusae and ctenophores SUSUMU been intensively studied for these species.…”

Jellyfish fisheries in the Americas: origin, state of the art, and perspectives on new fishing grounds

“…Indeed, there appears to be at least five varieties of Stomolophus cf. meleagris in the Gulf of California and Pacific Mexico Gul and Morandini (2013) Crambione mastigophora Indonesia Omori and Nakano (2001), Kitamura and Omori (2010) Crambionella annandalei Rhopilema esculentum China; India; Indonesia; Japan; Korea; Malaysia; Thailand; Russia; Vietnam Omori (1978), Morikawa (1984), Sloan (1986), Kingsford et al (2000), Omori and Kitamura (2004), Yakovlev et al (2005), Nishikawa et al (2008), Panda and Madhu (2009) Rhopilema hispidum China; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia; Pakistan; Thailand; Vietnam Kingsford et al (2000), Omori and Kitamura (2004), Muhammed and Sultana (2008), Kitamura and Omori (2010), Gul and Morandini (2015) Rhopilema nomadica Kingsford et al (2000) Rhopilema verrilli Rudloe (1992), Kingsford et al (2000) Rhizostomatidae? (suspected unique sp.)…”

“…Although rare by India Govindan (1984) a May be = C. annandalei (see Kitamura and Omori 2010) b May be = L. robustus (see Kitamura and Omori 2010) Rev Fish Biol Fisheries comparison, some jellyfish may be used as a fresh ingredient immediately after it is caught, as is occasionally the case with Rhopilema esculentum and Nemopilema nomurai in China (Yang and Shuang 2015). There are a number of detailed accounts on processing jellyfish written in English (e.g., Soonthonvipat 1976;Wootton et al 1982;Chidambaram 1984;Govindan 1984;Santhana-Krishnan 1984;Sloan and Gunn 1985;Huang 1988;Suelo 1988;Rumpet 1991;Rudloe 1992;Jones and Rudloe 1995;Ozer and Celikkale 2001;Nishikawa et al 2008), Spanish (e.g., Á lvarez-Tello 2007;Schiariti 2008;Schiariti and Mianzan 2013;Schiariti et al 2015), and Chinese (e.g., Wu 1955;Liu 1973;Yin et al 2000). Processing methods and techniques vary by species, market preferences, facilities, and producers.…”