A comprehensive review on jet impingement heat transfer is presented to consider the state-of the art in this field. Among all the single-phase heat transfer arrangements possible, it has the maximum heat transfer rate. A number of arrangements are possible to represent a practical or physical situation, such as, jet impingement on a solid flat surface or surface fitted with different kinds of turbulent promoters, inclined plane surface and cylindrical convex/concave surface, etc. A significant number of papers dealing with experimental and computational studies on different physical and computational aspects of jet impinging flows are reviewed. Several parameters were found to influence the characteristics, such as, flow confinement, nozzle shape, jet to plate spacing and Reynolds number. An extremely small number of studies dealing with application based jet impingement heat transfer configurations (e.g., ribs fitted impingement plate, moving impingement plate, etc) experimentally and numerically have been reported in the literature. Various computational approaches, such as, RANS, LES, DNS and hybrid models, that are used to study the jet impingement heat transfer, with their complexities and boundary conditions, have been reviewed. It was observed that majority of RANS based turbulence models did not predict impinging flows accurately and its complexities except a few. Many authors have reported that LES is capable of predicting the flow field and heat transfer data within the accepted accuracy limits. DNS can be applied to simple geometry with low Reynolds number. Recently some authors have employed hybrid models, such as, PANS, DES, etc., and concluded that these models provide reasonably accurate results and were found to be computationally less expensive than LES and DNS.