Jet-induced Explosions of Core Collapse Supernovae

Abstract

We numerically studied the explosion of a supernova caused by supersonic jets present in its center. The jets are assumed to be generated by a magneto-rotational mechanism when a stellar core collapses into a neutron star. We simulated the process of the jet propagation through the star, jet breakthrough, and the ejection of the supernova envelope by the lateral shocks generated during jet propagation. The end result of the interaction is a highly nonspherical supernova explosion with two high-velocity jets of material moving in polar directions, and a slower moving, oblate, highly distorted ejecta containing most of the supernova material.

Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib Supernova iPTF 13bvn: revealing the complex explosion geometry of a stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova

“…Previously, Maund et al (2007b) inferred spherical configurations for the LV line-forming regions for SN 2005bf. In addition, although the jet-torus paradigm (Khokhlov et al 1999) has been invoked to explain spectropolarimetric observations of some stripped CCSNe (Tanaka et al 2008), we can exclude a torus-like line-forming region for the LV components as we do not observe the high levels of polarisation predicted for such a geometry (Kasen et al 2003).…”

“…In this model a jet, originating either from asymmetric neutrino emission (Blondin & Mezzacappa 2007) or the magneto-rotational mechanism (LeBlanc & Wilson 1970;Mikami et al 2008), would carry heavy elements in bipolar flows, while low and intermediate mass elements (e.g. helium and oxygen) would form a torus in the equatorial plane (Khokhlov et al 1999;Khokhlov & Höflich 2001;Maeda et al 2002). We observed no such segregation between the locations of heavier mass (iron and calcium) and lower mass (helium and oxygen) elements in the ejecta, that would suggest such a geometric configuration for iPTF 13bvn.…”

Neutron star kicks and supernova asymmetry

“…On the otherhand, if rotation indeed plays a dynamically important role, the basic collapse and explosion may be qualitatively different (e.g., core bounce may occur at subnuclear density, the explosion is weaker and takes the form of two-sided jets (e.g. Khokhlov et al 1999;Fryer & Heger 2000). The possibility of a kick in such systems has not been studied, but it is conceivable that an asymmetric dipolar perturbation may be coupled to rotation, thus producing spin-kick alignment.…”

Simulations of stellar core collapse, bounce, and postbounce evolution with Boltzmann neutrino transport, and implications for the core collapse supernova mechanism

“…For discussions of the role of general relativity, rotation, and magnetic fields in supernova models, the reader may begin with the papers by Bruenn et al [18], Liebendörfer et al [19], [20], Fryer and Heger [9], Khokhlov et al [10], and MacFadyen and Woosley [21].…”

“…The heating is mediated primarily by the absorption of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos on the dissociation-liberated nucleons behind the shock. This past decade has also seen the emergence of multidimensional supernova models, which have investigated the role convection, rotation, and magnetic fields may play in the explosion [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], in some cases invoking new explosion paradigms.…”