Jet loop reactors as a versatile reactor set up - Intensifying catalytic reactions: A review

Warmeling, H.; Behr, Arno; Vorholt, Andreas J.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2016.04.032

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Tandem catalyses are a hot topic in catalytic carbonylation reactions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] when it comes to increasing the efficiency of chemical processes, because it makes merging different reaction steps into a single preparative step possible, reducing waste while saving time and energy [11][12][13]. Transition metal catalyzed tandem catalyses often involve hydroformylation as the initial reaction step to form reactive aldehydes [14], which constitutes a well investigated reaction that is also the subject ongoing research [15][16][17]. Hydroformylation is an important part of the hydroaminomethylation, which is a three step autotandem catalysis catalyzed by a single catalyst [16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transition metal catalyzed tandem catalyses often involve hydroformylation as the initial reaction step to form reactive aldehydes [14], which constitutes a well investigated reaction that is also the subject ongoing research [15][16][17]. Hydroformylation is an important part of the hydroaminomethylation, which is a three step autotandem catalysis catalyzed by a single catalyst [16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Past investigations have applied different renewables [25][26][27][28][29][30] in the hydroaminomethylation reaction to increase the sustainability of the overall reaction sequence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalyst recycling in the hydroaminomethylation of methyl oleate: A route to novel polyamide monomers

Vorholt

Immohr

Ostrowski

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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This article describes the development of an effective thermomorphic multicomponent solvent (TMS) system for the production of branched polyamide monomers. In this system, methyl oleate, a renewable from fats and oils, and a functionalized amine are used as starting materials in a tandem catalytic reaction, which merges different reaction steps into a single preparative step. This particular TMS system consisted of a heptane/acetonitrile solvent mixture and made reusing the precious rhodium catalyst possible in three recycle runs. A constant yield of 61–65% was obtained for each run due to low‐catalyst leaching. Fortunately, the catalyst system does not require any additional phosphorous ligands and allows high yields. A scale‐up for the production of 10–11 g of the desired product in each run was realized. Subsequent hydrogenation of the product directly provided an amine ester, which is a valuable polyamide monomer. Practical applications: A method was developed to enable access to primary amines via hydroaminomethylation and hydrogenation. The product, a nitrile ester, is a valuable intermediate for polyamide monomers. This nitrile ester was successfully hydrogenated to an amine ester, which features a potential polyamide monomer directly. A catalyst recycle of the homogeneous rhodium complex within the hydroaminomethylation of methyl oleate and an amino nitrile was successfully carried out, enabling constant homogeneous catalyst activity over the course of three recycle runs. A scale‐up to obtain 10–11 g of the hydroaminomethylation product was realized. A general method is described for the conversion of methyl oleate within a hydroaminomethylation reaction. The catalyst can be recovered and reused. Valuable polyamide intermediates were obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst recycling in the hydroaminomethylation of methyl oleate: A route to novel polyamide monomers

Vorholt

Immohr

Ostrowski

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…As was recently summarized by Warmeling et al, jet aerated loop reactors are widely used in the chemical industry and wastewater applications [23]. As was recently summarized by Warmeling et al, jet aerated loop reactors are widely used in the chemical industry and wastewater applications [23].…”

Section: Alternative Reactors For Aerobic Bioprocessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conclusion, there are several reasons for investigating jet aerated loop systems for intensifying the mass transfer compared to the currently used bioreactors. As was recently summarized by Warmeling et al, jet aerated loop reactors are widely used in the chemical industry and wastewater applications [23]. JLRs offer high mass transfer efficiencies at elevated specific power inputs.…”

Section: Alternative Reactors For Aerobic Bioprocessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of nozzle operation on mass transfer in jet aerated loop reactors. Characterization and comparison to an aerated stirred tank reactor

Weber

Schaepe

Freyer

et al. 2018

Engineering in Life Sciences

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The impact of mass transfer on productivity can become a crucial aspect in the fermentative production of bulk chemicals. For highly aerobic bioprocesses the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and productivity are coupled. The achievable space time yields can often be correlated to the mass transfer performance of the respective bioreactor. The oxygen mass transfer capability of a jet aerated loop reactor is discussed in terms of the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient kLa [h−1] and the energetic oxygen transfer efficiency E [kgO2 kW−1 h−1]. The jet aerated loop reactor (JLR) is compared to the frequently deployed aerated stirred tank reactor. In jet aerated reactors high local power densities in the mixing zone allow higher mass transfer rates, compared to aerated stirred tank reactors. When both reactors are operated at identical volumetric power input and aeration rates, local kLa values up to 1.5 times higher are possible with the JLR. High dispersion efficiencies in the JLR can be maintained even if the nozzle is supplied with pressurized gas. For increased oxygen demands (above 120 mmol L−1 h−1) improved energetic oxygen transfer efficiencies of up to 100 % were found for a JLR compared to an aerated stirred tank reactor operating with Rushton turbines.

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“…11 However, given the low catalyst content, loop reactors are deemed to be suboptimal for solely heterogeneously catalyzed reactions and hence are more appropriate for multiphase applications involving also homogeneous reactions. 12 Heterogeneously catalyzed reactions not involving any bulkphase reactions are typically performed in three-phase trickle bed reactors, such as for aromatics hydrogenation. 13 In this case, mass transfer from the gas to the liquid phase was identified as rate-limiting in the initial stage of the reaction.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Exploitation of Bimodal Reaction Sequences Including Degradation: Comparison of Jet Loop and Trickle Bed Reactors

Poissonnier

Thybaut

Marin

2017

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Product yield optimization in bimodal reaction sequences including degradation has been performed considering three-phase reactors such as the jet loop and trickle bed reactors. The considered reaction network comprises two consecutive homogeneous reaction steps toward intermediates which are converted to the corresponding final products by heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, while the reactant and these intermediates are susceptible to irreversible degradation. In the jet loop reactor, the so-called "homogeneous product" is the main product; hence, the remaining challenge is the reduction of degradation. For the trickle bed reactor, gas−liquid mass phase transfer plays a very pronounced role in its ultimate performance. Higher gas flow rates may be employed in the trickle bed reactor to overcome potential mass-transfer limitations and selectively form the "heterogeneous product". Lower gas flow rates result in a less effective gas dissolution, and product selectivities change toward the homogeneous product, rendering avoiding degradation difficult.

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Jet loop reactors as a versatile reactor set up - Intensifying catalytic reactions: A review

Cited by 66 publications

References 89 publications

Catalyst recycling in the hydroaminomethylation of methyl oleate: A route to novel polyamide monomers

Catalyst recycling in the hydroaminomethylation of methyl oleate: A route to novel polyamide monomers

Impact of nozzle operation on mass transfer in jet aerated loop reactors. Characterization and comparison to an aerated stirred tank reactor

Large-Scale Exploitation of Bimodal Reaction Sequences Including Degradation: Comparison of Jet Loop and Trickle Bed Reactors

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