Jet Luminosity of Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Blandford–znajek Mechanism Versus the Neutrino Annihilation Process

Liu, Tong; Hou, Shu-Jin; Xue, L.; Gu, Wei‐Min

doi:10.1088/0067-0049/218/1/12

Cited by 66 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Those are summarized in the left panel of Figure 3 (adapted from Figure 20 in Liu et al (2017)): First, almost all SGRBs might be described in the NDAF model, with reasonable disk masses derived from the remanent of the compact objects mergers (Liu et al 2015c); Second, only about half of LGRBs might satisfy the NDAF model, while it might be necessary for the left half to introduce massive disks, extreme Kerr BHs, and high conversion efficiency for neutrino annihilation (Song et al 2016); Third, for LGRBs and ULGRBs, BZ mechanism is especially more efficient than NDAFs. Actually, the deviation between BZ mechanism and NDAFs is more significant if X-ray flares are included 1 (e.g., Liu et al 2015b;Luo et al 2013;Mu et al 2016); Fourth, the millisecond magnetar model could cover almost all types of GRBs as said before. Cutler & Thorne (2002) reviewed the estimations for the event rates and the GW strengths of the well-known GW sources including NSs.…”

Section: Magnetarsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of Gravitational Waves from Central Engines of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows, Blandford–Znajek Mechanisms, and Millisecond Magnetars

Liu

Lin

Song

et al. 2017

ApJ

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Neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) around a rotating stellar-mass black hole (BH) is one of the plausible candidates for the central engines of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Because the timevariant and anisotropic emission of neutrinos from NDAFs leads to GRB variability, NDAFs can be regarded as the sources of the strong gravitational waves (GWs). We calculate the dependences of the GW strains on both the BH spin and the accretion rate. We demonstrate that for typical GRBs with either single pulse or multiple pulses, the GWs from NDAFs might be detected at a distance of ∼ 100 kpc/∼ 1 Mpc by advanced LIGO/Einstein Telescope with a typical frequency of ∼ 10 − 100 Hz. Besides NDAFs, the other two competitive candidates for GRB central engine are Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism and millisecond magnetars. We explore the GW signals from these two as well, and compare the corresponding results with NDAFs'. We find that for a certain GRB, the possible detected distance from NDAFs is about two orders of magnitude higher than that from BZ mechanism, but at least two orders of magnitude lower than that from magnetars. The typical GW frequency for BZ mechanism is the same with that of NDAFs, ∼ 10 − 100 Hz, while the typical frequency for magnetars is ∼ 2000 Hz. Therefore, the GWs released by the central engines of adjacent GRBs might be used to determine whether there is an NDAF, a BZ jet or a magnetar in GRB center.

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Section: Magnetarsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of Gravitational Waves from Central Engines of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows, Blandford–Znajek Mechanisms, and Millisecond Magnetars

Liu

Lin

Song

et al. 2017

ApJ

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“…Moreover, for the same BH spin parameter and accretion rate, the BZ luminosity is larger by about two orders of magnitude than neutrino annihilation luminosity (e.g., Kawanaka et al 2013;Liu et al 2015;Lei et al 2017). Once considering that two mechanisms have the same conversion efficiency to power a certain GRB, the values of the BH spin parameter or the accretion rate for the BZ mechanism can be lower than those for the neutrino annihilation mechanism.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Hole Hyperaccretion Inflow–Outflow Model. I. Long and Ultra-long Gamma-Ray Bursts

Liu

Song

Zhang

et al. 2017

ApJ

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Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and ultra-LGRBs (ULGRBs) originate from collapsars, in the center of which a newborn rotating stellar-mass black hole (BH) surrounded by a massive accretion disk may form. In the scenario of BH hyperaccretion inflow-outflow model and BlandfordZnajek (BZ) mechanism to trigger gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the real accretion rate to power a BZ jet is far lower than the mass supply rate from the progenitor star. The characteristics of the progenitor stars can be constrained by GRB luminosity observations, and the results exceed usual expectations.LGRBs lasting from several seconds to tens of seconds in the rest frame may originate from solar-metallicity (Z ∼ 1 Z ⊙ , where Z and Z ⊙ are the metallicities of progenitor stars and the Sun), massive (M 34 M ⊙ , where M and M ⊙ are the masses of progenitor stars and the Sun) stars or some zero-metallicity (Z ∼ 0) stars. A fraction of low-metallicity (Z 10 −2 Z ⊙ ) stars, including Population III stars, can produce ULGRBs such as GRB 111209A. The fraction of LGRBs lasting less than tens of seconds in the rest frame is more than 40%, which cannot conform to the fraction of the demanded type of progenitor star. It possibly implies that the activity timescale of central engine may be much longer than the observed timescale of prompt emission phase, as indicated by X-ray late-time activities. Alternatively, LGRBs and ULGRBs may be powered by a millisecond magnetar central engine.

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“…We also assume a turn-off time of the BH central engine t f , beyond which the tail emission from jet fades as t −(2+β) , where β is the spectral index. The hyper-accreting BH system can launch a relativistic jet via neutrino-antineutrino annihilation (Popham et al 1999;Narayan et al 2001;Di Matteo et al 2002;Gu et al 2006;Chen & Beloborodov 2007;Janiuk et al 2004Janiuk et al , 2007Liu et al 2007Liu et al , 2015Lei et al 2009Lei et al , 2017Xie et al 2016), or Blandford-Znajek mechanism (hereafter BZ; (Blandford & Znajek 1977;Lee et al 2000;Li 2000;Lei et al 2005Lei et al , 2013). The neutrino annihilation mechanism suffers strong baryon loading from the disk and therefore may be too "dirty" to account for a GRB jet Xie et al 2017).…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signature of a Newborn Black Hole from the Collapse of a Supra-massive Millisecond Magnetar

Chen

Xie

Lei

et al. 2017

ApJ

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The X-ray plateau followed by a steep decay ("internal plateau") has been observed in both long and short gamma-ray burst (GRBs), implying a millisecond magnetar operating in some GRBs. The sharp decay at the end of plateau, marking the abrupt cessation of the magnetar central engine, has been considered as the collapse of a supra-massive magnetar to a black hole (BH) when it spins down. If "internal plateau" is indeed the evidence of a magnetar central engine, a natural expectation is a signature from the new-born BH in some candidates. In this work, we find that GRB 070110 is a particular case, which shows a small X-ray bump following its "internal plateau". We interpret the plateau with a spin-down supra-massive magnetar and the X-ray bump with a fall-back BH accretion. This indicates that the new-born BH is likely active in some GRBs. Therefore, GRB 070110-like events may provide a further support to the magnetar central engine model and enable us to investigate the properties of the magnetar as well as the new-born BH.

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Jet Luminosity of Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Blandford–znajek Mechanism Versus the Neutrino Annihilation Process

Cited by 66 publications

References 70 publications

Comparison of Gravitational Waves from Central Engines of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows, Blandford–Znajek Mechanisms, and Millisecond Magnetars

Comparison of Gravitational Waves from Central Engines of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows, Blandford–Znajek Mechanisms, and Millisecond Magnetars

Black Hole Hyperaccretion Inflow–Outflow Model. I. Long and Ultra-long Gamma-Ray Bursts

Signature of a Newborn Black Hole from the Collapse of a Supra-massive Millisecond Magnetar

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